John Lennon Essay -- essays research papers fc

John Lennon      "you must let it out's showing signs of improvement it's showing signs of improvement all the time," as a result of John Lennon, and the manner in which he affected the world. "Imagine" the world without John Lennon. John Lennon hugy affected the world. For an amazing duration Lennon was numerous things. He was an artist, lyricist, vocalist, craftsman, on-screen character, humorist, political and harmony dissident, and essayist. In view of Lennon the world was changed musically, socially, and strategically. Musically he brought awesome music into standard music. Socially he propelled an age of youngsters. Politically he fired up the development to "Give Peace a Chance." He turned into the pioneer of the sixties, one of the most violent times to date, and the good example to numerous individuals youthful and old around the globe. John Lennon didn't have any simple adolescence. Lennon was conceived on October 9, 1940, in Liverpool, England (Bil 1). This was during the tallness of World War II, and his folks named him John Winston Lennon after incredible British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. Lennon's folks were separated and his dad was taking a shot at a boat away from home when he was conceived. At the point when his dad returned, his mom would not let his dad see him. So his dad attempted to hijack him. His mom couldn't let this happen again so she sent him to live with his Aunt Mimi and Uncle George. Auntie Mimi ran an exacting family unit, and he didn't generally identify with her while he was growing up. So Lennon turned into a dear companion with his mom. Sadly in 1958 his mom was slaughtered in a fender bender directly before him (Norman 1).      Aunt Mimi sent him to Quarrybank Grammar School, yet he was exhausted and favored composition and drawing. Lennon didn't appreciate school life, and turned into a renegade at a youthful age. He frequently played hooky, and when he went to class he sat and drew. His future looked extremely inauspicious. At the point when Mimi solicited the dean from the school to compose a letter of proposal to the Liverpool School of Art, it gave everybody new expectation. Lennon didn’t do well here either, while he wanted to draw, he found the Liverpool School of Art excessively furrowed and organized. He loved his drawings to be from his heart and brimming with feeling. He found that the educational plan didn't permit him to do this. During his craft test Lennon drew kid's shows, so he fizzled (Norman 1... ...e alive today, yet "Let it Be." Works Cited Bil. "Working Class hero" Home of Classic Rock. 1997     <http://www.casagrande.com/~bilig/lenhist.html> (16 Feb. 2000). Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, et al. 1,000 People, 1,000 Years. New York: Kondansh     America Inc.,     1998. "John Lennon-Biography." <http://www-discs music.com/john_lennon.htm> (16 Feb.      2000). "John Lennon." Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees. 1994.     <http://www.rockhall.com/accept/lennjohn.html> (16 Feb. 2000). "John Lennon shooting 1980." Great Events IV. 3pp. Chime & Howell Information and      Learning-     Proquest. 16 Feb. 2000. Morgan, Joan M. "A Tribute to John Lennon." 1999.     <http://www.josnsukjournal.com/joins/lennon.htm> (16 Feb. 2000). Norman, Philip, et. Al. "John Lennon Portfolio." 1998.      <http://www.getback.org/bjohn.html>     (16 Feb. 2000)

The Geology of Dagger Mountain at big bend national park Term Paper

The Geology of Dagger Mountain at enormous twist national park - Term Paper Example A few cretaceous sedimentary rocks are available and they incorporate buda, boquillas, Santa Clause Elena, and del rio. The site likewise comprises of two shortcomings which incorporate the bowl and range high heavenly attendant issue and Laramide push deficiency which make a graben. The Dagger Mountain has a rise of 4173 feet and 1300 feet of alleviation. The anticline of the mountain is drifting at north-northwest inside the Sierra del Carmen. There are various opposite flaws and overlap. They are situated on the eastern side of cordilleran orogen. On the eastern Trans-pecos area, there are mafic ledges found close to the Dagger Mountain. The mafic ledges are comprised of magmas that solidified after cordilleran constriction and toward the start of range and bowl expansion (Cloud et al 121). The anticline of Dagger Mountain is one of the laramide orogen (Cullen et al 105). This is a time of mountain building which began seventy to eighty million years prior in the late cretaceous. It at that point finished thirty to fifty 5,000,000 years prior. Laramide orogen was activated by subduction of structural plate and occurred in grouping of heartbeats. The interruptions of Sierra del Carmen towards the Trans-Pecos territory, happened during the mafic and antacid rich felsic magma streams, and the pyroclastic streams (Cullen et al 106). The magma stream framed a northwest inclining belt which barged in the north piece of Mexico. This belt holds the Dagger Mountain. Toward the finish of laramade orogeny, the majority of the magmas were delivered by the mantle upwelling. The creation of magmas was activated by the foundering subduction of farallon plates. The field trip made to the large twist national park depended on the examination and perception of blade mountain’s cretaceous sedimentary shakes just as molten interruptions. Coming up next were a portion of the disclosure made in the field: There are various cretaceous sedimentary rocks found inside and around

The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies

The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies Inspiration Print The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 10, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on November 10, 2019 Portra / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Inspiration Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Brain Health Technology Relationships View All You have to make decisions both large and small throughout every single day of your life. What do you want to have for breakfast? What time should you meet a friend for dinner? What college should you go to? How many children do you want to have? When faced with some decisions, you might be tempted to just flip a coin and let chance determine your fate. In most cases, we follow a certain strategy or series of strategies in order to arrive at a decision. For many of the relatively minor decisions that we make each and every day, flipping a coin wouldnt be such a terrible approach. For some of the complex and important decisions, we are more likely to invest a lot of time, research, effort, and mental energy into coming to the right conclusion. So how exactly does this process work? The following are some of the major decision-making strategies that you might use. The Single-Feature Model This approach involves hinging your decision solely on a single feature. For example, imagine that you are buying soap. Faced with a wide variety of options at your local superstore, you decide to base your decision on price and buy the cheapest type of soap available. In this case, you ignored other variables (such as scent, brand, reputation, and effectiveness) and focused on just a single feature. The single-feature approach can be effective in situations where the decision is relatively simple and you are pressed for time. However, it is generally not the best strategy when dealing with more complex decisions. The Additive Feature Model This method involves taking into account all the important features of the possible choices and then systematically evaluating each option. This approach tends to be a better method when making more complex decisions. For example, imagine that you are interested in buying a new camera. You create a list of important features that you want the camera to have, then you rate each possible option on a scale of -5 to 5. Cameras that have important advantages might get a 5 rating for that factor, while those that have major drawbacks might get a -5 rating for that factor. Once you have looked at each option, you can then tally up the results to determine which option has the highest rating. The additive feature model can be a great way to determine the best option for a variety of choices. As you can imagine, however, it can be quite time-consuming and is probably not the best decision-making strategy to use if you are pressed for time. The Elimination by Aspects Model The elimination by aspects model was first proposed by psychologist Amos Tversky in 1972. In this approach, you evaluate each option one characteristic at a time beginning with whatever feature you believe is the most important. When an item fails to meet the criteria you have established, you cross the item off your list of options. Your list of possible choices gets smaller and smaller as you cross items off the list until you eventually arrive at just one alternative. Making Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty The previous three processes are often used in cases where decisions are pretty straightforward, but what happens when there is a certain amount of risk, ambiguity, or uncertainty involved? For example, imagine that you are running late for your psychology class. Should you drive above the speed limit in order to get there on time, but risk getting a speeding ticket? Or should you drive the speed limit, risk being late, and possibly get docked points for missing a scheduled pop quiz? In this case, you have to weigh the possibility that you might be late for your appointment against the probability that you will get a speeding ticket. When making a decision in such a situation, people tend to employ two different decision-making strategies: the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic. Remember, a heuristic  is a rule-of-thumb mental short-cut that allows people to make decisions and judgments quickly. The Availability Heuristic: When we are trying to determine how likely something is, we often base such estimates on how easily we can remember similar events happening in the past. For example, if you are trying to determine if you should drive over the speed limit and risk getting a ticket, you might think of how many times you have seen people getting pulled over by a police officer on a particular stretch of highway. If you cannot immediately think of any examples, you might decide to go ahead and take a chance, since the availability heuristic has led to you judge that few people get pulled over for speeding on your particular route. If you can think of numerous examples of people getting pulled over, you might decide to just play it safe and drive the suggested speed limit.The Representativeness Heuristic: This mental shortcut involves comparing our current situation to our prototype of a particular event or behavior. For example, when trying to determine whether you should spe ed to get to your class on time,  you might compare yourself to your image a person who is most likely to get a speeding ticket. If your prototype is that of a careless teen that drives a hot-rod car and you are a young businesswoman who drives a sedan, you might estimate that the probability of getting a speeding ticket is quite low. The decision-making process can be both simple (such as randomly picking out of our available options) or complex (such as systematically rating different aspects of the existing choices). The strategy we use depends on various factors, including how much time we have to make the decision, the overall complexity of the decision, and the amount of ambiguity that is involved. Problems in Decision-Making

The Old World Position On The Creation Of Everything

The Old World position on the creation of everything is backed by the most evidence, both biblically and scientifically, when compared to the other positions of theism and New World creationism. This is due to the fact that the other two positions end up ignoring or denying points of significant proofs that their counterparts present. However, the Old Earth position accepts and explains parts of the other creationism viewpoints. It does not deny the possibility of evolution, or Genesis 1-2, saying that they do not contradict each other and both can exist at the same time. It also takes some of its own belief from others, explaining that the Earth is billions of years old. This is further compounded upon with the explanation of the six days of creation is not taken literally, rather that they each are an extended period of time. All of this leads to the defense of the Bible not being a historical timeline, but it being a guidebook to understanding God and everything that he does. This also justifies the scientific outlook on the creation story. Like how humanity is always discovering new substances and species, information on the origin of the universe is yet to be found. When compared to the other viewpoints of creationism, the Old World position has the most evidence. New World and theistic approaches to the origin story have their own pros and cons, but they both have glaring weaknesses. They both ignore and deny the existence of evidence from the other viewpoints. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Young Earth Creationism1698 Words   |  7 Pagesin the public eye during the creation-evolution debate were most likely to hold young earth creationist views. Additionally, the terms â€Å"recent earth† or â€Å"recent creation† have been used to refer to this same position. These terms clearly define their position as one in which the creation of the world occurred somewhat recently, that is, the world is young. However, it obviously doesn t pro vide us with much information beyond that. To begin with, how young is the world? In order to help answer thisRead MoreThe Influences on Genesis1288 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Influences on Genesis To study Genesis in terms of its literary and historical content is not to say that we are in any way being irreverent in our reading of this part of the Old Testament. In other words, it is possible to read Genesis in both a spirit of appreciation for its position as the opening exegetical narrative of the Bible and as a document that reflects literary and historical realities and influences during the time when it was being written down. This paper examines some of theRead MoreThe World And The Word By Eugene Merrill, Mark Rooker And Michael Grisanti1299 Words   |  6 PagesTheologist and scientists have relentlessly contemplated the idea of creation; how exactly was the earth created? Creationism and evolution have become progressively more controversial within the Christian body. In The World And The Word by Eugene Merrill, Mark Rooker and Michael Grisanti explains the three major positions on the creation of the universe: the theistic evolution, in which absolute evolution an d natural selection occur, old-earth creationism, involving divine intervention and evolution,Read MoreReligion Without Religion Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience the powerful blessings youll receive from focusing all your attention on Jesus Christ in everything that you do, and on everything He has done for you, and understand why this is the key to total life transformation, abundant living, quick manifestation, wholeness and wellness, then listen to this. The simple truth is, living a Christ conscience life is about depending on Jesus for everything that you need and desire, according to His word by concentrating on what He said, also what the BibleRead MoreAnalysis and Reflection of Square Peg: Why Wesleyans Arent Fundamentalists1074 Words   |  5 Pagestheological positions that reflect their Christian experience, history and understanding of the Scriptures.† (loc 124 Kindle, Truesdale) Wesleyans believe that the proof of the gospel reside primarily in how a person lives their life and â€Å"not in logic and argumentation.† (loc 160 Kindle, Truesdale) They support the policy of that to get a better understanding of their faith, is the result of all fields of human exploration and research, from scientific to historical. Chapter 3, The Bible, Creation, andRead MoreWhen The Kings Come Marching1672 Words   |  7 Pagesand proposes that the problem is how humans have distorted culture. Mouw goes on and suggests that heaven is and will be a renewed creation that includes embodied existence on earth rather than a spiritual place where creation is apart from the soul. Mouw supports his argument throughout the book by explaining the creation of culture, Christ’s grace towards His creation, and offering a purpose to our existence. The afterlife is a concept that has troubled humans for a long time. For many decadesRead MoreFrankenstein Vensor Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus And Victor Frankenstein1031 Words   |  5 Pagesparallels Victor Frankenstein to the Titan Prometheus. As Mary Shelley states in Frankenstein the pursuit of unknown knowledge is dangerous. â€Å" So much has been done†¦ I will pioneer a new way, explain unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation( Chapter 3). †. This quote means that Victor wants to explore dangerous areas that should not be explored. Dangerous and unknown knowledge could create something more powerful than the creator. Prometheus and Victor Frankenstein bothRead MoreStudy Guide Week 3 Essays1465 Words   |  6 Pages Module/Week 3: Mankind and Sin Textbook Readings: Towns: Chs. 8 10 Chapter 8 1. What point does the author illustrate with an elephant and 4 blind men? †¦Comparing it to the way people describe and see life and the world 2. Do Moslem leaders claim that Christianity and Islam are alike in that Allah was â€Å"the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ?† No 3. What are the 4 questions that Darwinians have not been able to answer? - Where is the missing link - How can manRead MoreMobile Computing And The Creation Of The Internet1416 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological world that has brought society to where it is today. From the creation of the cell phone to the creation of the internet itself, humans have become more digitally connected with each new advance. Mobile computing was the next step in the grand scheme of technology. In comparison, education has always been a stickler for the removal of technology unless absolute need of it came about. To analyze the impact of technology, and more specifically mobile computing, a letdown of a few old-fashionedRead More Theme of William Wordsworth as a Prophet in Tintern Abbey1494 Words   |  6 Pagesconverting Dorothy and, by extension, the reader into a position within his vision of the world. But even more than priest, Wordsworth often depicts the romantic poet as prophet. This depiction is demonstrated more clearly in The Prospectus to the Recluse than in Tintern Abbey. In the 1814 version of the Prospectus he writes: Paradise, and groves Elysian, Fortunate Fields -- like those of old Sought in the Atlantic Main -- why should they

Preventing Alcoholism - 1636 Words

Introduction Alcoholism affects all elements of health. Overuse of alcohol affects physical health as it affects the functioning of the liver; mental health as it affects the ability to think clearly and coherently; emotional health as it affects the ability to recognise and express emotions correctly. Social health is affected as alcohol may affect a person’s ability to create and maintain relationships, finally and most importantly it affects societal health as the individuals actions can have an adverse affect on everyone around them. Alcohol related injuries and diseases are the cause of 207, 800 National Health Service (NHS) admissions in 2006 compared to 93, 500 in 1996. ¹ This increase of more than 100% justifies my health†¦show more content†¦The Piccadilly Project is a supportive and informative leaflet, outlining the services the organisation provides both to people with alcohol problems and their friends and relatives. It also focuses on drinking guidelines for the alcohol user to make drinking alcohol safer. It provides diagrams showing weekly alcohol unit consumption as either low risk, hazardous or harmful for both men and women. It also provides a telephone number and map with directions to the organisations office and their opening hours. The colour red is used in the leaflet for the front cover, the subtitles and the harmful section of the diagram, this indicates danger to the reader and reinforces the point that over-consumption of alcohol is dangerous. Safer Communities is more of a supp ortive and preventative leaflet as it provides details of the risks to health of excess alcohol consumption in order for the reader to understand their drinking and guidelines on how to drink less. It provides a quiz allowing the reader to assess whether it would be advisable to see further advice on alcohol consumption, it includes pictures of alcohol inside the leaflet and corks on the front cover to grab and hold the readers attention. Both leaflets health promotion strategies are appropriate to an extent, but neither are perfect. The Safer Communities leaflet address the issue, explain theShow MoreRelatedPreventing Drugs, Alcoholism, Smoking, And Drugs1249 Words   |  5 PagesFor many people, rehabilitation to help stop drugs, alcoholism or smoking is a daily part of their life. The majority considers rehab very grueling and it can be hard to keep up with the tasks outlined in rehabilitation plans. Three of the most common addictions needing rehabilitation are alcohol, smoking, and drugs. All of these different addictions can lead to severe illness or death. They also can totally alter one’s mindset, resulting in a mentally imbalance and potentially poor decisions. GoingRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 Pagesdrug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of d rugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugs and alcohol can have on your life and other lives as well. There is a wide range of effects drugs and alcohol may have on someone and their loved ones too. Alcoholism is a disease of the family because not only can alcoholism be passed generationRead MoreParents Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism916 Words   |  4 PagesParent’s Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism Alcohol (beverages): beverages which contain ethanol substance, this substance cause a person become drunk (e.g. beer, whiskey). (W. Merriam Corporation, 2011) Definition of alcoholism †¢ According to mayo clinic, alcoholism is an inability to control the desire to consume alcoholic beverages. The desire will always lead to serious condition, because the person who drinks alcohol does not know if he/she drinksRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Brain And Body866 Words   |  4 Pagesto compulsive drinking, and those who develop a problem from long-continued stress or long-term social drinking. In either case, brainwave patterns and brain chemistry are abnormal. These abnormalities lead to the symptoms and characteristics of alcoholism, which vary from person to person. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes early symptoms as: restlessness, anxiety, stubbornness and anger. This drives the person to self-destructive and antisocial behavior. The outer phenomenology of anRead MoreThe Dangers Of Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol And Drugs Along With Texting While Driving861 Words   |  4 Pagesto drinking as well as its consequences on health an d behavior. Hanes, M. (2012). Effects and Consequences of Underage Drinking. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 1-12. NCJ 237145 This report discusses the health consequences of underage drinking and alcoholism. It also provides relevant data regarding numerous alcohol-related accidents. Moreover, this report is essential for determining the factors causing underage drinking, its symptoms and the various strategies employed toward addressing such concernRead MoreCauses and Effects of Alcohol Abuse955 Words   |  4 PagesApril 22, 2013 English 101 Alcoholism is the excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several different reasons. There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, familyRead MoreThe Social Acceptance Of Alcohol1732 Words   |  7 Pages Many times, it is underestimated how influential age is in alcohol abuse because it is usually focused on dependency in adults, not so much children. Deborah Dawson who is a scientist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism explains that alcoholism at an early age is related to how the person puts themselves at risk at an earlier age and although it starts at an early age, it still â€Å"persists into adulthood† (Dawson). This is supported by a three year study on those of eighteenRead MoreAlcoholism Among Adolescents : A Public Health Problem935 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism amongst adolescents is a major public health problem. The purpose of researching alcoholism amongst adolescents is because alcohol is a drug. The drug of alcoholism is the most common and also the most abused drug amongst adolescents. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) believes that alcoholism amongst adolescents can lead to binge drinking and its on the rise. The CDC states, â€Å" Alcohol use is responsible for more than 4,300 annual deaths among underage youth. AlthoughRead MoreAlcohol And Substance Recovery Became Popular1557 Words   |  7 Pagesuntil 1935 that the federal government acknowledged that alcoholism was a disease and needed to be treated. Once the government acknowledged that people could be an alcoholic, they opened their 1st â€Å"narcotic farm†. This facility marked the beginning of federal inv olvement in addiction research and treatment. Since the government recognized alcoholism as a chronic disease, the insurance industry began to reimburse the treatment of alcoholism just like any other illness. This leads to a dramatic expansionRead MoreAn Analysis of Masculinity in Anne Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall914 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"self-congratulations† (311). Through the devaluing of alcohol, Huntington is able to present the situation as having significance because he â€Å"wasn’t over full to-night† preventing the possibility of having â€Å"snoosed away and never dreamt of looking what my sweet lady was about† (311). Although Helen’s concerns with Huntington’s alcoholism have always been towards his disgraceful actions, Huntington is acknowledging the negative effects that alcohol can have for the first time in the novel. Although

Child Poverty As A Barrier To Participation Education Essay Free Essays

Child poorness has been identified as a major barrier to engagement in the United Kingdom. Poverty can be said to be a deficiency of basic human demands like H2O, nutrient, vesture, shelter and instruction due to the inability to afford these basic demands. A kid is deemed to be populating in poorness if the resources available to the kid are so unequal as to prevent such a kid from holding a criterion of life that is regarded to be acceptable by the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Poverty As A Barrier To Participation Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Child poorness is a important deficiency of the basic needs that kids need for healthy physical, mental, religious and emotional development. Child poorness is besides defined as a deficiency of chances ( capableness want ) , a deficiency of control over one ‘s life, and involves societal isolation and prejudiced intervention at the custodies of others ‘ . ( Gordon, D, Adelman, L, Ashworth, K, Bradshaw, J, Levitas, R, Middleton, S, Pantazis, C, Patsios, D, Payne, S, Townsend, P A ; Williams, J. , 2000 ) . Childs are populating in poorness if the stuff and non-material resources available to them are so unequal that they are denied a criterion of life which is regarded as acceptable by a society. One manner by which poorness limits the engagement of kids in the United Kingdom is societal exclusion. Social exclusion has been described as a state of affairs where there is insufficiency in the operation of the societal subsystems. ‘This includes exclusion from the societal system, a public assistance province whose failure leads to impoverishment, household and community systems that lead to exclusion from societal dealingss, and the power distribution system. ‘ ( Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, 2000 ) It is of import to observe the non-monetary facet of poorness and want, as this will enable us to acquire a better apprehension of the effects of economic adversity and how low income relates to miss of resources. ‘There are less quantifiable facets of poorness, such as non being able to see friends and relations. ‘ ( Pantazis and Ruspini, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to UNICEF, ‘Children life in poorness are deprived of nutrition, H2O and sanitation installations, entree to basic health-care services, shelter, instruction, engagement and protection. While a terrible deficiency of goods and services hurts every human being, it is most baleful and harmful to kids, go forthing them unable to bask their rights, to make their full potency and to take part as full members of the society ‘ ( UNICEF, 1998 ) Traveling by official statistics, kid poorness tendencies in the United Kingdom are non really encouraging. After a period of betterment in the sixtiess, kid poorness in the United Kingdom has worsened over the last three decennaries. Child poorness rates in the universe ‘s wealthiest states vary from under 3 % to over 25 % . ‘In the conference tabular array of comparative kid poorness, the bottom four topographic points are occupied by the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and Mexico. ‘ ( McGuigan, Claire, 2003 ) Anti discriminatory pattern and policy Although child poorness can originate from unfairness and misdemeanor of rights, it can besides in itself, be a cause of unfairness and strip the kids from being able to claim their rights. When a kid lacks the resources or is unable to claim his or her rights, this can in itself be seen to be an unfairness. Pulling upon theory, Child poorness is non merely a map of low income, but besides depends on entree to services. ‘Child poorness includes a deficiency of income and productive resources to guarantee sustainable supports ; hungriness and malnutrition ; sick wellness ; limited or deficiency of entree to instruction and other basic services ; increased morbidity and mortality from unwellness ; homelessness and unequal lodging ; insecure environments and societal favoritism and exclusion. It is besides characterized by deficiency of engagement in determination devising and in civil, societal and cultural life. ‘ ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) Legislation After coming into power, the Labor authorities announced that it was committed to eliminating child poorness by the twelvemonth 2020, and the Prime Minister announced the debut of Child Poverty statute law in September 2008. The authorities went in front to put out interim marks which included a decrease of kid poorness by 50 per centum before 2010. Ireland besides set an extra end of extinguishing terrible kid poorness by the twelvemonth 2012. Estimates revealed that about 43,000 kids were populating in terrible poorness across the United Kingdom. ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) . The interim mark of cut downing child poorness by 50 per centum before 2010 has likely non been met. The Child Poverty Act 2010 was besides passed on the 26th of March 2010. The Child Poverty Act is a United Kingdom piece of statute law which requires England, Scotland and Northern Ireland to set in topographic point schemes that describe the activities to be undertaken to undertake child poorness. Despite the statute law and policy enterprises of the authorities aimed at child poorness decrease, there is n’t much grounds that any sustainable advancement has been made in the country of child poorness riddance in the United Kingdom. ‘This led to a renewed authorities thrust for degeneration, as expressed in the Home Office-led Together We Can initiative to acquire sections working together across boundaries to accomplish greater community engagement. ‘ ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) Valuess Basically, child poorness leads to a state of affairs in which kids are denied picks and chances and their human self-respect is violated. Child poorness consequences in a deficiency of a basic capacity to take part efficaciously in society. Poor kids are besides more susceptible to force, and are frequently forced to populate in fringy or delicate environments without entree to basic comfortss. Children life in poorness suffer disproportionately as a consequence of hungriness, famishment and disease, and have lower life anticipation ( Ruspini E. , 2000 ) . The universe wellness organisation has noted that ‘malnutrition and hungriness are the most serious menaces to the universe ‘s public wellness, with malnutrition being the biggest subscriber in child mortality, as it is present in approximately 50 per centum of all instances. ‘ ( Hodgkin, Rachel and Peter Newell, 2002 ) Harmonizing to Peter Townsend, ‘Poverty may besides be understood as an facet of unequal societal position and unjust societal relationships, experienced as societal exclusion, dependence, and diminished capacity to take part, or to develop meaningful connexions with other people in society. Unless there is monolithic investing in kids we will head for economic calamity. ‘ ( Townsend, P. , 1995 p.11 ) Attitudes Proper health care is widely unavailable to hapless kids. ‘Each twelvemonth, every bit many as 11 million kids populating in poorness dice before making the age of 5. ‘ ( Baro, Daniela, 2002 ) Recent surveies suggest that there is a high hazard of instruction under accomplishment for kids born into poorness as these kids are likely to non even finish their secondary instruction. Engagement is a basic right, non a privilege. Every kid has the right to take part in affairs that concern him or her. ‘Every kid has the right to entree relevant information, show his or her positions, be involved in determinations impacting him or her, and signifier or articulation associations. Child engagement is non about a few kids stand foring other kids at a few particular child engagement events. Childs have the right to take part in the household, in school, kid public assistance places, orphanhoods, media, in community, and at national and international degrees. ‘ ( Holmstr ‘m, Leif. , 2000 ) It is hence of kernel that the Government Acts of the Apostless rapidly in order to protect the rights of kids in the United Kingdom so as to forestall a state of affairs in which kids in poorness have to endure the womb-to-tomb disadvantages of childhood poorness. How to cite Child Poverty As A Barrier To Participation Education Essay, Essay examples

Jeremy Bentham Essays - Utilitarianism, Social Philosophy

Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham Over time, the actions of mankind have been the victim of two vague labels, right and wrong. The criteria for these labels are not clearly defined, but they still seem to be the standard by which the actions of man are judged. There are some people that abide by a deontological view when it comes to judging the nature of actions; the deontological view holds that it is a person's intention that makes an action right or wrong. On the other hand there is the teleological view which holds that it is the result of an action is what makes that act right or wrong. In this essay I will be dealing with utilitarianism, a philosophical principle that holds a teleological view when it comes the nature of actions. To solely discuss utilitarianism is much too broad of topic and must be broken down, so I will discuss specifically quantitative utilitarianism as presented by Jeremy Bentham. In this essay I will present the argument of Bentham supporting his respective form of utilitarianism and I wi ll give my critique of this argument along the way. Before the main discussion of the Bentham's utilitarianism gets underway, lets first establish what utilitarianism is. As stated in the introduction, utilitarianism is a teleological philosophy that is primarily concerned with the results of an action when determining the nature of that act. Utilitarianism operates primarily under the greater happiness principal, in other words, utilitarians believe that one should only act in such a way that the results of that act should produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest for the greatest number of people. It is due to this view that utilitarianism is often criticized for being too hedonistic because it places the moral value of an act only on how much that act effects happiness. The teleological nature of utilitarianism also can serve as a problem because it pays no attention to the intention an action and can make acts of an immoral nature justifiably right. I will use the example that a professor of mine used in which a ma n tries to snatch an old lady's purse and in his struggle to do so he pulls her out of the way of a speeding vehicle thus saving her life. This act, although it started with mischievous intent, ended with a life being saved and surely produced the greatest amount of happiness for the old lady. In the utilitarian eye this act is morally acceptable and right due to the fact that happiness was produced. Jeremy Bentham was a utilitarian philosopher with his own version of this particular of this teleological view called Quantitative Utilitarianism. Bentham's utilitarianism argument starts by giving his principle of utility which judges all actions based on its tendency to promote or diminish happiness of whoever is involved, be it a community or an individual. According to Bentham, an action is right if, it increases happiness and decreases suffering and is wrong it does not. Also included in his view of utilitarianism is a way to calculate the general tendency of any act and its affect on a community. The calculation is based on the seven circumstances of the act, which are: its intensity, its duration, its certainty or uncertainty, its propinquity or remoteness, its fecundity (tendency to be followed by sensations of like kind), its purity (tendency not to be followed by sensations of unlike kind), and its extent (number of people affected). With these circumstances in order, one c an start to calculate the nature of the act and according to Bentham after the completion of the process, one can make an accurate assessment of the true nature of the act. Here is where my critique of Bentham's Quantitative Utilitarianism comes into the picture. I will present Bentham's process in his own words and then offer my observation as to where he went wrong. The community is a fictitious body composed of the individual persons who are considered as constituting as it were members. The interest of the community then is, what?-the sum of the interests of the several members who compose it..To take an exact account then of the general tendency of any act,

Reinhard Heydrichs Role in the Holocaust

Reinhard Heydrichs Role in the Holocaust Introduction In 1933, the population of people belonging to the Jewish race stood at above nine million in Europe. Majority of this Jewish population lived in the countries that Germany deserved to occupy and or have impeccable influence during the Second World War.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Reinhard Heydrichs Role in the Holocaust specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The holocaust[1] entangled â€Å"the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators† (Gilbert 1986, 13). Germans who came to power in 1933 believed in a big way on the racial superiority of the German as compared to other people coming from different races. They considered the Jews as racially inferior[2]. Consequently, the people had advocated for mass slaughter of Jews. In fact, the word holocaust refers to the â€Å"sacrifice by fire† in Greek. Because of the perceived beliefs of racial inferiority, the German authorities also targeted other races not related to Jews. Such groups included disabled, gypsies, Russians among others. About 200,000, gypsies, about 200,000 physically or mentally challenged patients from German race were also murdered. Additionally, â€Å"†¦other groups were prosecuted on political, ideological and behavioral grounds, among them communists, socialist, Jehovah’s witness and homosexuals† (Dawidowicz 1975, 3). Many of the people belonging to holocaust target group, particularly the religious leaders and those whose behavior did not much some of the prescribed social norms principally died out of starvation, mistreatment and or neglect. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the Germans high-ranking officials who played proactive roles in the Nazi government[3] holocaust incident. Perhaps his inspirations for his involvements in the holocaust were long inbuilt within him right from th e age of sixteen. Gilbert, reckons that â€Å"At the age of 16 Heydrich took up with the local Freikorps and became strongly influenced by the racial fanaticism of the German Volk movement and their violent anti-Semitic beliefs† (1986, 33). After two years, he abandoned Halle in an endeavor to a career with the German navy at the capacity of signals officer. In fact by 1926, he had risen up to the â€Å"rank of second lieutenant in the Baltic Command of the German Navy (Admiralstabsleitung der Marinestation Ostsee)† (Dawidowicz 1975, 11). It is while serving at this capacity that he made his initial encounter with â€Å"admiral Wilhelm Canaris of the German military intelligence† (Dawidowicz 1975, 11)). Although the two became influential friends they latter ended up being enormous foes. On being accused of being involved with a woman, sired a child and later refused to marry her, his dreams of becoming an admiral within the German navy hit a dead end. On dismis sal, from the commission, he joined the Nazi party[4].Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the age of 27, in 1931 he became officially a member of SS. Gilbert reckons that â€Å"It wasn’t long before his Aryan looks and strict attention to detail caught the eye of the Reichsfà ¼hrer-SS Heinrich Himmler, with whom he managed to secure an interview for the role of SD Chief† (1986, 18). Borrowing from his experience as a signals officer, he was able to pass the interview. His tenure at the SD saw the organization grow from a small entity into a gigantic organization capable of controlling nationwide informants’ networks. As Dawidowicz notes, â€Å"He collected information and created files on Communists, Trade Unions, Social Democrats, wealthy industrialists, Jews, even Nazi party members and SA leaders† (1975, 37). With aid from Goring and Himmle r, he organized for the fall of Ernst Rà ¶hm: the SA leader. During this incident, many SA leaders were murdered. This saw the end of SA term in power. Through this incident, he gained an enormous reputation for being a merciless and efficient mass killer. Gilbert posits, â€Å"When Hitler needed a pretense to invade Poland he turned to the master of intrigue and Heydrich delivered† (1986, 19). This reputation perhaps saw him appointed as the president of Interpol in 1940. Reinhard Heydrich chaired the Wannsee conference in 1942 while still serving as the president of Interpol. The main agenda of this conference was to come up and lay strategies for the ‘ final solution’: deportation coupled with extermination of every Jew who occupied territories that deserved to be solely occupied by Germans. This is what is termed as holocaust. This paper presents his role in the holocaust around the Wannsee conference shading light on the affects it had on the holocaust. It also unveils whether the murdering of the Jews was an incident already determined before the holding of the conference. Reinhard Heydrichs role in the Holocaust Reinhard Heydrich was among the holocaust engineers. He took orders and answered to all matters involving the extermination and deportation coupled with the imprisonment of Jews[5]. Such orders and queries emanated from his bosses Himmler and Hitler. In 1938, â€Å"During kristallnacht, he sent a telegram to various SD and Gestapo offices, helping to coordinate the program with the SS, SD, Gestapo, uniformed police (Orpo), Nazi party officials, and even the fire departments† (Dawidowicz 1975, 41). The telegram permitted the destruction, as well as acts of arson against Jewish synagogues together with their businesses. The telegram also gave direction to remove all archives material positioned in the synagogues and community centers belonging to the Jews. According to Graber, the telegram also insisted that â€Å"as m any Jews – particularly affluent Jews – are to be arrested in all districts as can be accommodated in existing detention facilities† (1980, 9). Soon after the conducting of his arrests, there was the need to contact the necessary concentration camps according to the telegram.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Reinhard Heydrichs Role in the Holocaust specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This endeavor aimed at ensuring the placement of all the Jews in the camps in the shortest time possible. The directions given in the telegram well indicates that he had the capacity to manipulate and control the Nazi government tools of governance[6]. Any attempt by the law enforcers to concentrate all the Jews in the concentration camps consequently, arguably were conducted at his command and influence of the powers conferred to him. Reinhard Heydrich had an impeccable ability to control the police and tools of st ate security. With the help of his boss: Himmler[7], they used political forces to influence the police in an attempt to ensure the consolidation of the Nazi administration in the entire nation of Germany[8]. In 1934, he was chiefly responsible for running the largest political police force: Prussian Gestapo. As Ron reckons â€Å"In 1935, he described the police as the states defensive force that could act against the legally identifiable enemy with the SS as the offensive force that could initiate the final battle against the Jews†Ã¢â‚¬  (1998, p.13). The final battle was perhaps the early stages for holocaust. Even as the initial violence constructed by the Nazi regime principally to attack Jews begun in 1938, Reinhard Heydrich still headed the police force. His orders were mainly â€Å"Whatever actions occurred should not endanger German lives or property; synagogues could be burned only if there was no danger to the surrounding buildings† (Ron 1998, 27). On 21 Sep tember 1939, he called a conference in which he reiterated the significance of confining Jewish population in the fewest possible concentration camps[9]. As a prerequisite for facilitation of this call, he gives an authority for the establishment of Jewish elders’ council. This council had the chief mandate of ensuring the execution of every order given to the Jews without giving excuses. If the council failed in the realization of this noble duty, the â€Å"were to be threatened with the severest measures† (Ron 1998, 29). During the 12 November 1938 meeting, Reinhard Heydrich insisted that measures to ensure restriction of the â€Å"external sub humans†: There were no adequate strategies to get rid of them completely. Later in January the following year, Goring asked Reinhard Heydrich to tackle the Jewish problem through evacuation coupled with emigration strategies[10]. In June 1940, Heydrich â€Å"wrote to the Reich Foreign Secretary Joachim von Ribbentrop t hat emigration alone could not take care of all the Jews and that A territorial final solution has thus become necessary[11] ( Ron 1998, 35). Reinhard Heydrich joined the German navy when his country had just been defeated during the First World War. He thus had the opinions held by his parents of blaming the Jews for the defeat. Consequently, he could have done anything to ensure the incapacitation of the Jews who were to survive the holocaust.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goring offered him a position to head the ‘central office for Jewish emigration’. While working in this capacity he incredibly dedicated a lot of effort to ensure coordination of differing initiatives geared towards fostering dominance of policies that favored SS, as opposed to Jews. He also credited a lot of his time to work on the initiatives that would facilitate the ‘final solution’. Furthermore, while still serving as the head of the central office for Jewish emigration, in 1939, â€Å"Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message to the Chiefs of all Einsatzqruppen of the Security Police with a subject of â€Å"Jewish question in the occupied territory†Ã¢â‚¬ (Dawidowicz 1975, 65). This telegram contained a detailed instruction addressing the appropriate strategies on how to round up the Jewish population for the purposes of placing them in ghettos[12]. It also addressed and advocated for the formation of Judenrat coupled with an order to conduct an urgent census. This census aimed at unveiling the much-desired information about the actual number of Jewish population occupying the German territories. The telegram also ordered for the â€Å"Aryanization plans for Jewish owned business and farms† (Graber, 1980, 45). There was the issuing of orders for evacuation of Jews from the Eastern provinces by Reinhard Heydrich. These were evident in the 29 December telegram sent by him in 1939. With regard to Lehrer (2000), the telegram described â€Å"various details of the evacuation of people by railway, and giving guidance surrounding the Dec 1939 Census which would be the basis on which those evacuations were formed† (79). During the Prague meeting held on 10 October 1941, he was among the invited senior official of the government. In this meeting, the members present discussed the agenda for deport 50,000 Jews occupying of Moravia and Bohemia protectorate. They were to hand over the Jews to the ghettos of Riga and Mins k[13]. Additionally, the meeting tackled yet another crucial agenda. This entailed the decision to hand over about 5000 Jews Rash and Nebe. Arguably, these two agendas were immensely consistent with the concerns of the Wannsee conference. The main idea was to get rid of the Jews immigrants who the people deemed racially insignificant as compared to the native Germans. As Lehrer (2000) comments, the conference discussed â€Å"The creation of ghettos in the Protectorate, which would eventually result to the construction of Theresienstadt, where 33,000 people would eventually die, and tens of thousands more would pass through on their way to death in the East† (76). Amid being part and parcel of the officials dominating this meeting, later in 1941 he was appointed to take the responsibilities of implementing another essential decision that would help Germany deal with the perceived menace of the Jews presence in their territories by Himmler. To this end, he was to facilitate the task of forcefully relocating the Jews to Lodz ghetto situated in Poland from Czechoslovakia, as well as Germany. The involvement of the Reinhard Heydrich in these meetings perhaps lays the foundation for his selection as the chair of the 1942 Wannsee conference that would result to holocaust. During the 1942 conference, he presented to the German government officials the detailed plan that he deemed vital for dealing with the Jewish population. His plan perhaps well exemplify his reputation in possession of the capacity to conduct mass killing and ruthless interventional strategies to deal with anyone who happens to step on the spot forbidden by the Nazi government. Jews happen to step on this spot: the German territories. Perhaps quoting from his speech, Graber posits, â€Å"Under suitable direction, the Jews should be brought to the East in the course of the Final Solution, for use as labor† (1980, 11). As part of the final solution, mass moving of the Jews to areas that required heavy labor inputs was to follow. This happened with both sexes distantly separated. Reinhard Heydrich added that â€Å"the Jews capable of work will be transported to those areas and set to road-building, in the course of which, without doubt, a large part of them (ein großteil) will fall away through natural losses† (Graber 1980, 12). Natural causes were used to avoid direct mentioning of the terms starvation combined with hard labor, which would have anyway killed the Jews rather than direct execution. The main intent here was to ensure that all the Jews died, if possible. Perhaps Reinhard Heydrich’s speech during the Wannsee conference reinforced this concern. He argued that â€Å"The surviving remnant, surely those with the greatest powers of resistance, will be given exceptional treatment, since, if freed, they would constitute the germinal cell for the re-creation of Jewry† (Graber 1980, 12). Special treatment, or â€Å"special action† or â€Å"treated accordingly† as deployed in different connotations of varying Nazi correspondences, implies that the remnant Jews were to be killed through firing or gassing. The SS squads had the obligation of arranging this nature of execution of which Reinhard Heydrich had full control[14]. Furthermore, considering the way Reinhard Heydrich constructed his language in an attempt to disguise the actual actions, it evident that he took critical roles in the doctoring of the strategies presented to the government officials at the conference. One evident concern of this speech is that Reinhard Heydrich was a racial stereotype. He seems to advocate for his proposed strategy to end the races that appeared as unimportant in comparison to his German race. This way, through his contributions in Wannsee conference, he acted to propagate racial hatred, which would then result to more increased mass exportation and killing of people belonging to Jewish race. As a way of example, in h is speech regarding the issue of the special treatment, he argued that â€Å"The person of mixed blood of the second degree has a particularly distressing police and political record that shows that he feels and behaves like a Jew† (Graber 1980, 27). This perhaps portrays well and justifies his merciless treatment of Jews in the due cause of the final solution decision of the implementation process[15]. In fact, the Nazi government had a dare need to control the reproduction of Jewish people. Some of the other official present in the Wannsee conference like Dr. Stà ¼ckart, the then state secretary went on to advocate for forced sterilization, as a way of ensuring that the second-degree Jews hardly reproduced. To him this would have permanently curtailed the replication of Jewish trait in Europe. In this extent, his proposal was well consistent with the dilemma that faced the Nazi regime: dealing with the high population of the Jews occupying its protectorates, especially as the Germany contemplated on getting into the World War II. Reinhard Heydrich was principle person mandated to ensure successful implementation of the final solution. As Kimel posits, â€Å"State Secretary Dr. Bà ¼hler stated further that the solution to the Jewish question in the General Government is the responsibility of the Chief of the Security Police and the SD[16] and that his efforts would be supported by the officials of the General Government† (2008 Para.5). Reinhard Heydrich happened to the person holding this post. Indeed, at the end of the conference, members agreed that he had the noble responsibility to ensure a successful handling of the Jew question. They thus vowed to provide the necessary support. Apart from his role as the holocaust mastermind, Reinhard Heydrich was the man solely charged with the implementation of the plan. Kimel posits, â€Å"The man entrusted with implementing Hitler decision to eradicate the Jewish population of Europe was Hitler†™s deputy- Reinhard Heydrich† (2008 Para.1). Consequently, he was part of all phases of the final solution including his selection to chair the Wannsee conference. A major part of the final solution entailed creation of concentration camps where the Jews would accumulate awaiting transportation to the killing centers or deportation to the areas where their death was to take place. In this extent, Reinhard Heydrich â€Å"created the master plan, organized the ghettos, trained and supervised the Einsatzgrouppen[17]† (Kimel 2008 Para.1). In fact, he took proactive roles in the endeavors to ensure the resettling of the Jews in gas chambers. As the chairperson of the famous Wannsee conference, he sealed the decision to solve the Jewish question. As notes, after this conference â€Å"he ordered the creation of the Ghettos in Poland, at railroad junctures to facilitate their future resettlement, he was in charge of rounding up and transportation of the Jews to the Death Fac tories† (2008 Para.5). This process required hefty mobilization of the German tools of maintenance of laws and order. Heydrich turned out as a gigantic genius at this. His reputation as a mass killer perhaps gave him additional enthusiasm to execute his roles. His involvements in the holocaust are, additionally justifiable since â€Å"Heydrich had an incredible acute perception of the moral, human, professional and political weaknesses of others and he also had the ability to grasp a political situation in its entirety† (Kimel 2008, Para.9). Such a negative perception of the Jews values as compared to the Germans stands out based on the manner in which he classified Jews- first class and second class. Those Jews who never had the German blood at were to face the weirdest treatment: executed immediately. He had an intense racial hatred that was essential for ruthless actions against the Jewish population[18]. Gilbert, concurs with this argument adding that â€Å"His unu sual intellect was matched by his ever-watchful instincts of a predatory animal, always alert to danger and ready to act swiftly and ruthlessly† (1986, 45). Reinhard Heydrich was an ardent centre of evil in the Nazi administration. He changed the responsibilities of the police as dictated by the totalitarian states from tools for enhancing law and order into lethal weapons of the state. In this regard, Breitman claims that the police acted as instruments of â€Å"oppression of the citizens[19]† (1991, 121). He also deployed enormous steps to ensure that the police hardly acted in accordance to the interests of the state. Consequently, Reinhard Heydrich enabled the police to violate human rights[20]. In fact, he provided an absolute assurance that they would not convict for their acts. The decision to murder Jews was a state engineered policy and hence police had to enforce it. Reinhard Heydrich had proved in other instances as a merciless cold killer. According him the responsibility for implementation of the concerns of the final solution, guaranteed both his senior Himmler and Hitler incredible success of the decision to mass eliminate the Jewish population amounting to about eleven million. He was thus the disguised pivot upon which the Nazi regime oscillated. As Kimel (2008) notes, â€Å"The development of a whole nation was guided indirectly by this forceful character† (Para.7). By noting that he had an immense power to manipulate all political centers of Nazi regime administration, his contribution to doctoring and subsequent implementation of Hitler decision was conspicuous. Fleming reckons, â€Å"He was far superior to all his political colleagues and controlled them as he controlled the vast intelligence machine of the SD[21]† (1984, 56). The circumstances giving rise to the holocaust are arguably chiefly attributable to his position and perceived capabilities by his superiors particularly Hitler. Opposed to somewhat many an ticipation that the final decision: being one of the critical decisions made by Nazi government, to have more of the most senior administrator’s follow up, Reinhard Heydrich was responsible for the follow up of its proceeds. This was perhaps because he was an impeccable manipulator. He even manipulated Hitler leave alone Himmler. Additionally, he employed â€Å"his extensive knowledge of the weaknesses and ambitions of others to render them dependent on himself† (Fleming 1984, 57). An introspection of his earlier life perhaps exemplifies his magnitude of atrocity against the Jews. When he served in the army majority of his comrades initially thought that he was a Jew. He disputed immensely these allegations. As Graber reckons, â€Å"When Heydrich was a child in Halle, neighborhood children made fun of him, calling him Isi (Izzy), short for Isidor, a name with a Jewish connotation† (1980, 81). Such allegations made him incredibly angry especially when he served i n the navy[22]. He, in fact, challenged everybody who made such allegations for tarnishing his personality. His hatred for Jews was thus a long-term concern. Now that he had the opportunity to wipe out this long hated race, people expected the holocaust perhaps to be even worse than it was. The responsibility of the implementation of the final solution was not by coincidence that it landed to the hand of Heydrich. He was brilliant in giving witty ideas during the meetings between Hitler and Himmler. He, in fact, outshined Himmler in terms of ideas. As Fleming (1984) reckons, â€Å"He made Hitler dependent on him by fulfilling al his most insane schemes, thus making himself indispensable. He supplied Himmler with brilliant ideas so that he could shine in conferences with Hitler, and would do it so tactfully that Himmler never suspected that these ideas were not his own† (57). Holocaust was evidently on Hitler’s insane scheme whose implementation was squarely dependent R einhard Heydrich for its successful implementation. Reinhard Heydrich made proactive steps towards solving the nightmare problem of Jewish population destruction. He initiated the steps to ensure that the fabric bonding the Jewish community was substantially torn. To do this, he adopted the strategies of starving, brutally mistreating the Jews, and making use of his foes (Jews) to initiate their process of self-extinction. As Kimel notes, he â€Å"camouflaged the gas chambers as showers for disinfection, incited starved people to volunteer to resettlement by offering them bread and sugar and brought Jews from the west in first class railroad cars with dining cars to Auschwitz† (2008, Para.9). A vast myriad of dirty tricks against the helpless Jews had Reinhard Heydrich name conspicuously written behind them. Reinhard Heydrich had the ability to covert masses of people other than police into murderers. As Kimel notes, â€Å"he personally selected the Einsatzgrouppen from ordi nary people, not psychopaths; they were bankers, policemen, clerks and even one pastor† (2008, Para.11). He perhaps managed to accomplish this through the aggravation of racial discrimination amongst the native German population. In this context, Jews stood out as lesser human beings who only served to deprive the native population off their rights. Killing them on a mass scale was then not a significant issue. Reinhard Heydrich constituted one of the gifted Germans who would pursue whatever responsibilities accorded to them to completion. He would do anything to ensure the realization of his desires. During the holocaust, his desires changed from the roles that he had assumed in overthrowing the previous regime, to extermination and extinction of Jewish population. In fact, he was the most lethal person in Germany. In Germany, it was almost impossible to gain power without using some black mail. Even though, Reinhard Heydrich had the immense ambition of becoming Reichsministe r Minister and if possible the next top most leader of Germany he was not of much threat as compared to, Himmler before the eyes of the Hitler. The most positive way of dealing with Himmler was to subdivide his responsibilities. Implementation of the final solution happened to be one of the responsibilities deemed suitable for multiplication. Without the contribution of Reinhard Heydrich in the implementation coupled with evaluation of the final solution, mass killing of Jews was not possible. As Kimel notes, â€Å"Heydrich was nominated by Hitler as the Protector of Czechoslovakia, and in this post he performed a remarkably admirable job[23]; Heydrich introduced a series of liberalizing moves, decreased the level terror, increased the food rations† (2008, Para.9). Czechoslovakia government ordered the killing of Reinhard Heydrich. This order excelled. What followed was his assassination in 1942. Upon his death, the implementation of the final solution was now to go to Himmle r. As MacDonald notes, the â€Å"†¦cunning, bluffing and superior intelligence of Heydrich was gone† (1989, 12). Consequently, amid brutal approach in the implementation of the final solution by Himmler ended up not being such a success as compared to Heydrich’s case. Consequently, some Jews survived in Hungary, Bulgaria and France. In October 1944, Himmler suspended the killing of Jews because of â€Å"disregarding Hitlers orders and overruling the objection of the head of Gestapo, Miller† (MacDonald 1989, 15). Evidently, it stands out safe perhaps to make an assumption that if Reinhard Heydrich was alive, hardly could have any Jew have remained. The manner in which the killings ended additionally justify that Reinhard Heydrich was the main architect and implementer of the final solution. His death resulted to non-completion of the aim of the final solution. Only around six million Jews died out of the targeted eleven million. Decision to murder Jews Right even before the holding of the conference to seek the final solution, in January 1942, the Nazi government had a clear intent to conduct mass killing of the European Jews. As Fleming (1984) notes, â€Å"The decision itself, to exterminate the Jews, was presumably taken before the conference was held. People had approximated the number of Jews murdered before the Wannsee Conference took place to be 1 million† (1). The meeting, additionally, lasted for only ninety minutes. With the immense factors worth considering when making a decision, it was impossible arriving at ways of handling the possible threats posed by the Jewish people to Germany and the European territories it controlled within this short time span. From the situation that was on goings in Poland and other territories in the Soviet Union, the conference hardly discussed or came up with new strategies of handling the Jewish question. In fact, new extermination camps were in place at the time of holding the confere nce. As Cesarani reckons, â€Å"Fundamental decisions about the extermination of the Jews, as everybody at the meeting understood, were made by Hitler, in consultation, if he chose, with senior colleagues such as Himmler and Gà ¶ring, and not by officials† (1999, 181). Consequently, it must have been evident to the majority of the participants that the decision on the Jewish question had already been made. Reinhard Heydrich was thus acting within his capacity to brief the conference attendants on some policy under implementation. Perhaps Reinhard Heydrich main purpose of convening the conference was mainly to make sure that conflicts such the ones experienced upon mass killing of Germans with Jewish blood was conducted in Riga. As Cesarani observes, â€Å"The simplest and the most decisive way that Heydrich could ensure the smooth flow of deportations was by asserting his total control over the fate of the Jews in the Reich and the east, and [by] cow[ing] other interested p arties into toeing the line of the RSHA† (1999, 187). Majority of content of the speech delivered by him happened to be news for the better part of the attendants. Again, they took remarkably little time to answer technical question regarding the strategies for solving the Jewish question. This perhaps well indicates that such decisions must have come from a non-disputed authority. This authority happened to be Hitler. The decision to murder Jews was not arrived upon convening of the Wannsee conference. The chief purpose of holding the conference was perhaps to seek legitimatization of the mass killings of the vast Jewish people in Germany, as well as its territories. On the closure of the meeting, he appeared to have managed to convince the participants on his strategies of dealing with the Jewish question. Many of them not only admitted having thought the plans as effective, but also promised to offer assistance that was within their capacity. The conference was thus a final step toward advocating for ruthless actions against the Jews. The aftermaths of the conference gave rise to an immense catastrophe on the Jews. As Fleming notes, â€Å"They deported them in considerable numbers to the ghettos in the east and murdered them after the conference† (1984, 5). For the case of German Jews, this was a new thing, only that the magnitude of the exercise of this exercise was aggravated upon the convening the Wannsee conference. Right from 1941, Reinhard Heydrich has sort for authenticity of plans to exterminate and murder Jews. Goring had as a repercussion accorded this authority European Jews deportation having yielded success. His main intention to call the conference was no predominantly depended on the need to come up with a plan mad by the top official, of the government. This also appears as the thought of Cesarani who laments, â€Å"the main purposes of the conference were to establish the overall control of the deportation program by the RSHA over a number of significant Reich authorities, and to make the top representatives of the ministerial bureaucracy into accomplices and accessories to, and co-responsible for, the plan he was pursuing† (9). In fact, special approval by the transportation minister was vital since the process of deportation entangled hefty logistical needs. With the existing economical difficulties, this was necessary since the appointment of the rail transport was essentially for this purpose. Ron Rosenbaum, a journalist author, reveals that the term final solution had been used much earlier in the Nazi party documents even before the Wannsee was held. As at 1931, the Nazi party documents incorporated the terms to refer to putting the Jews forced labor entangling cultivation of swamps, which were predominantly administrated by the SS division (Ron 1998, 23). This is perhaps giving rise to the Nuremberg laws. The proposition of the final decision was thus arguably implementation of Nuremberg law s in the extreme manner. Hitler, on the other hand, on 16th of December 1941 in a meeting with the top government officials, had given hints on the decision to murder Jews well in reasonable time before the day of the conference. He had priory called for incorporation of plans to handle the Jews mercilessly. In this regard, he argued that the Germans had no need to spare the Jews or even any other person in the world, apart from their fellow Germans in one of meetings with his senior official in the Nazi government. Ron expounds on this and records Hitler to have having commented that â€Å"if the combined forces of Judaism should again succeed in unleashing a world war that would mean the end of the Jews in Europe†¦I urge you: Stand together with meon this idea at least: Save your sympathy for the German people alone† (1998, 67). This call aimed at drawing the support for the mass killing of the Jews-holocaust. Additionally, Hitler noted that he was involved in a discus sion that would finally see the Jews relocated to the east. Although, not all the 3.5 million of people were possible to shoot, according to Hitler, they had to do something about them[24]. Additionally, he commented, â€Å"†¦is scheduled to take place in the offices of the RSHA in the presence of Oberqruppenfuhrer Heydrich. Whatever its outcome, a prominent Jewish emigration will commence† (Ron 1998, 69). Hitler’s comments about the strategies of copping with the Jews menace perhaps gave the take and the decision to murder Jews well before the time of Wannsee conference. The argument here is that, Reinhard Heydrich was only reading the harsh decisions against the racially considered outfit group of people: Jews, during the Wannsee conference. Conclusion Upon losing in the first war, Germans associated the loss to the people who Heydrich termed as inferior subhuman: Jews. In 1933, the popu lation of this inferior race, stood at around even million. These Jews occu pied the area that Germany thought it was its right to occupy and or influence. Consequently, Goring directed Heydrich to solve the Jewish question through evacuation and emigration. On evacuation and emigration of around 200,000 Jews, Heydrich thought that evacuation and emigration was not adequate strategy for ensuring that the Jews entirely got out of the German colonies. Consequently, he brought up the idea of the final solution. In the paper, it has been argued that Heydrich was much close to Hitler than Hitler was to Himmler: the boss to Heydrich. The paper continued to argue that Heydrich was part of the initial planning of the final solution decision, which translated to holocaust. This line of argument is largely justifiable since as the paper has noted, Heydrich was an impeccable brilliant influencer, who influenced even Hitler. Whenever any plan to execute dirty deals, including the blackmails that saw Hitler come to power, Heydrich was there for Hitler to ensure successf ul implementation of the plan. His roles in the holocaust were particularly significant. Right from the preliminary arrangements that saw mass killing of Jews emerge even before the convention of the Wannsee conference, Heydrich was largely involved with them. It is also apparent that the Wannsee conference aimed at briefing the senior members of the Nazi regime administration on the strategies worth taking to solve the Jews question for the last time. The implementation process of the final solution solely fell in the hand of Heydrich. As the paper argues, the implementation process would not have been as successful as it would have been if pioneered by his boss Himmler. Perhaps this is incredibly justifiable by the manner in which the implementation process came to a dead end upon the assassination of Heydrich in 1942. Bibliography Breitman, Richard. The architect of genocide: Himmler and the final solution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991. Cesarani, David. Holocaust: from the per secution of Jews to mass murder. New York: Rouledge, 1999. Dawidowicz, Lucy. The War against the Jews, 1933-1945. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975. Fleming, Gerald. Hitler and the final solution. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984. Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second  World War. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1986. Graber, Gyn. The Life and Times of Reinhard Heydrich. London: Robert Hale, 1980. Kimel, Alexandra. Holocaust understanding and prevention. Web. Lehrer, Steven. Wannsee House and the Holocaust. North Carolina: McFarland Jefferson, 2000. MacDonald, Callum. The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich. New York: The Free Press, 1989. Ron, Rosenbaum. Explaining Hitler: The Search for Origins of His Evil. Harper Books, 1998. Footnotes In its strict sense, the term Holocaust implies a Jewish affair. Therefore, despite the presence of other races, the holocaust strictly targeted the Jews This is the reason as to why the found it easy to carry out any evil activity against the Jews This government also tortured other categories of people like the homosexuals. However, the degree of torture towards the Jews was pronounced This happened immediately after the first world war He was there to implement the plan put forth by Himmler of clearing the Jewish people from the face of Europe People referred him to as a genius who could successfully implement any plan given to him including orders He was appointed Himmler’s deputy in 1931 This administration was entirely against the Jewish people. It could not tolerate anything that the people did, whether good of bad According to them, the Jews were inhuman and had not valid reason of living. Therefore, the only possible option was to exterminate them This was an activity done along the lines of racism He had identified the weaknesses of the Jews from all perspectives: morally, politically and even professionally. Therefore, according to him, these people were weak and useless. They could not bear any fruits in the European continent This was the best place where they could be tortured without affecting other people While in these places, the Jews could not access food, medicine, clothes, and or any other basic requirement. Therefore, besides the physical torture, they were also tortures in terms of their rights He had altered the duty of the police: instead of performing their noble role of maintaining law and order, they had become oppressive tools whose major duty was to kill, steal and destroy According to him, what he did and said was right and worth implementing. In fact, there is one instance where he literary impregnated a girl and declined his marriage promise that he had made to the girl. This paved way for another style of torture to the Jewish girls: raping Heydrich was the organizer of this service despite his being unemployed His pronounced wits made him stand a chance to manipulate both his boss, Himmler a nd Hitler. He had the ability to control them as he did to the central service system He even did these evils acts himself like raping girls They did every sort of evil to disrupt law and order for the Jewish people who had no powers to defend themselves They carried out acts of terror, blocked food from reaching the starving Jews, exposed them to stern environments and duties despite their deteriorated bodies In fact, he could even use the Jews to harm themselves unknowingly through the unhealthy foods he ordered to be given to them In fact, many people attribute his ruthless actions against the Jews to this name. He did not like it and consequently the Jews. The name significantly influenced his character. The admirable job in question included the organization of the arrest of massive number of people including the Catholic political aspirants. In fact, they say that the available accommodation space in the jail was inadequate following the massive arrests Arguably, this indicate s the possibilities of inculcating some strategies of execution of some Jews

A History of the Colony of Rhode Island

A History of the Colony of Rhode Island The colony of Rhode Island was founded between 1636 and 1642 by five separate and combative groups, most of whom had been expelled or left the Massachusetts Bay colony for disputative reasons. The colony was first named Roodt Eylandt by Dutch trader Adriaen  Block (1567–1627), who had explored that area for the Netherlands. The name means red island and it refers to the red clay that Block reported there. Fast Facts: Rhode Island Colony Also Known As: Roodt Eylandt, Providence PlantationsNamed After: Red Island in Dutch, or perhaps after RhodesFounding Year: 1636; permanent charter 1663Founding Country: EnglandFirst Known European Settlement: William Blackstone, 1634Residential Native Communities: Narragansetts, Wampanoags  Founders: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, William Arnold, Samuel GortonImportant People: Adriaen BlockFirst Continental Congressmen: Stephen Hopkins, Samuel WardSigners of the Declaration: Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery Early Settlements / Plantations Although the Puritan British theologian Roger Williams (1603–1683) is often given the sole role of founder of Rhode Island, the colony was in fact settled by five independent and combative sets of people between 1636 and 1642. They were all English, and most of them began their colonial experiences in Massachusetts Bay colony but were banished for various reasons. Roger Williamss group was the earliest: in 1636, he settled in what would become Providence on the north end of Narragansett Bay, after he was kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay colony.   Roger Williams had grown up in England, only leaving in 1630 with his wife Mary Barnard when the persecution of Puritans  and Separatists began increasing. He moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony and worked from 1631 to 1635 as a pastor and a farmer. Although many in the colony saw his views as quite radical, Williams felt that the religion he practiced must be free from any influence of the Church of England and the English king. In addition, he questioned the right of the King to grant land to individuals in the New World.  While serving as a pastor in Salem, he had a fight with the colonial leaders, because he believed that each church congregation should be autonomous and should not follow directions sent down from the leaders.   Founding of Rhode Island In 1635, Williams was banished to England by the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his beliefs in the separation of church and state and freedom of religion. Instead, he fled and lived with the Narragansett Indians  in what would become Providence Plantation (meaning settlement). Providence, which he formed in 1636, attracted other separatists who wished to flee from colonial religious rules of which they did not agree.   One such separatist was the poet and feminist  Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643), another Puritan from Massachusetts Bay, who began Pocasset on Aquidneck Island in 1638, which eventually became Portsmouth. She had been banished for speaking out against the Church in Massachusetts Bay. William Coddington (1601–1678), a magistrate at Massachusetts Bay, settled first in Pocasset but split from Hutchinsons group and settled in Newport, also on Aquidneck Island, in 1639. In 1642, Massachusetts Bay ex-patriot William Arnold (1586–1676) settled on the mainland in Pawtuxet, now part of Cranston. Finally, Samuel Gorton (1593–1677) settled first in Plymouth, then Portsmouth, and then Providence, and finally set up his own group in Shawomet, later renamed to Warwick in 1642.   A Charter Political and religious squabbling was a common feature of these small plantations. Providence evicted people for speaking out in meetings; Portsmouth had to hire two police officials in late 1638 to keep the peace; a small group of people from Shawomet were arrested and brought forcibly to Boston where they were tried and convicted on various charges. William Arnold fell into dispute with Warwick plantation and for a time put his plantation under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts Bay. These disputes were primarily were struggles over religious practices and governing, in addition to boundary issues with Connecticut. Part of the problem was they had no charter: the only legitimate authority in Rhode Island from 1636–1644 was the voluntary compacts which everybody but Gortons group had agreed to. Massachusetts Bay kept intruding into their politics, and so Roger Williams was sent to England to negotiate an official charter in 1643.   Uniting the Colony The first charter was validated by British Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell in 1644 and that became the basis of government in Rhode Island colony in 1647. In 1651, Coddington obtained a separate charter, but protests led to the reinstatement of the original charter. In 1658, Cromwell died and the charter had to be renegotiated, and it was on July 8, 1663, that the Baptist minister John Clarke (1609–1676) went to London to get it: that charter united the settlements into the newly named Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.   Despite the conflict, or perhaps because of it, Rhode Island was quite progressive for its day. Known for fierce independence and the absolute separation of church and state, Rhode Island attracted persecuted groups such as Jews and Quakers. Its government guaranteed freedom of religion for all its citizens, abolished witchcraft trials, imprisonment for debt, most capital punishment, and chattel slavery of both blacks and whites, all by 1652.   The American Revolution Rhode Island was a prosperous colony by the time of the American Revolution with its fertile soil and ample harbors. However, its harbors also meant that after the French and Indian War, Rhode Island was severely impacted by British import and export regulations and taxes. The colony was a frontrunner in the movement towards independence. It severed ties before the Declaration of Independence. Although not a lot of actual fighting occurred on Rhode Island soil, except for the British seizure and occupation of Newport until October 1779.   In 1774, Rhode Island sent two men to the First Continental Congress: former governor and then-chief justice of the Supreme Court Stephen Hopkins and former governor Samuel Ward. Hopkins and William Ellery, an attorney who replaced the deceased Samuel Ward, signed the Declaration of Independence for Rhode Island.   After the war, Rhode Island continued to show its independence. In fact, it did not agree with the federalists and was the last to ratify the U.S. Constitution- after it had already gone into effect, and the government had been established. Sources and Further Reading Bozeman, Theodore Dwight. Religious Liberty and the Problem of Order in Early Rhode Island. The New England Quarterly 45.1 (1972): 44-64. Print.Frost, J. William. Quaker Versus Baptist: A Religious and Political Squabble in Rhode Island Three Hundred Years Ago. Quaker History 63.1 (1974): 39-52. Print.Gorton, Adelos. The Life and Times of Samuel Gorton. Philadelphia, Higgenson Book Company, 1907.  McLoughlin, William. Rhode Island: A History. States and the Nation. W. W. Norton Company, 1986

Business Ethics, Invisble Hand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethics, Invisble Hand - Essay Example A business's biggest interest is profit maximization. All businesses, be it a small-scale or a large corporation or enterprise, seek to maximize their profitability as much as they can. After and in accordance to this, a firm aims to minimize costs. It is not hidden that when businesses attempt to achieve these aims, they crush many ethical values such as responsibility to the society in the form of, perhaps, pollution control guidelines. They leave, to the society, negative externalities only so that they can earn profits. Under such circumstances, you cannot expect a business to care for the environment or the people around them. True, that firms satisfy our material needs and this does lead to the general good. But in providing us with these services and goods, they will do whatever it takes to get to that level of profit maximization and cost minimization. I do not think that the 'invisible hand' furthers us to greater public welfare because firms forget all about ethics when it comes to power and profits. To support this, let's take the example of California's power market. The electricity industry was freed of regulations so that competition could be promoted and that the invisible hand could work. However, the opposite happened. They failed to provide the service; there were blackouts and prices were also very high. The sellers kept developing new ways of abusing the system until the State intervened (Shaw, W.H., 2004). My second argument is that with globalization taking its toll increasingly and hence, with competition growing immensely, it has become extremely important for firms to maintain and raise their positions in the global market. One would think that competition increases efficiency, along with which, prices are decreased. In any case, the customer, or the society as a whole, benefits. However, this is not usually the case. Globalization emphasizes on competition, true. But as a result it creates awareness in the society, gives customer choices, makes them powerful and hence, demanding. All this put together, puts great pressure on a firm operating in the free global market. Mostly, an average customer is not going to think of buying from a firm who is socially responsible and who has value for ethical guidelines and how it treats its employees or competitors. A customer would want to buy from a firm who provides the good or service, they don't care how, they just want the service. This leads to many businesses sacrificing their ethical values and moving towards the bigger motive of profit earning. Many businesses today in third world countries, especially, adhere to such unethical practices. An example of the water industry in Pakistan can be taken. Such filthy water is provided in the homes of people than many suffer from diseases such as hepatitis, yellow fever etc due to this. Conclusion In the end, it is important to note that not all firms yield to such unethical practices and not all situations demand such practices. Today, 'going green' is also a way of earning profits. However, the arguments presented above do take place and the society is exploited as a result. There are both sides to the pictures. It is only up to the business

Repairing Refurbished Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Repairing Refurbished Computers - Essay Example CFS currently employs a number of persons as managers, team leaders and technicians. Additionally, during the summer CFS takes on volunteers in order to assist schools benefiting from its program to be up and running at the start of the new school year. Individuals who have disabilities or are unable to afford a computer at home can also be facilitated but they have to go through a school in order to benefit from the program. Computer for Schools (CFS) has been in operation since 1993 and has distributed more than one million systems all across Canada’s ten provinces and three territories since then. It is the largest computer refurbishing program in North America and the fifth in the world (Computers for Schools British Columbia 2011). The company has over 50 refurbishing centers and distributes over 80,000 computers each year. The computers include various brands such as IBM, Lenovo, Dell, HP and Toshiba. My department is located in Edmonton. It is one of the largest departments in Alberta. The role of the directors and management is to ensure that the resources available are adequate to ensure smooth operations. The organization is governed by policies and procedures which are in keeping with the objectives of the organization. Edmonton shop supplies the Edmonton area as and helps to provide continuity for the organization. According to Alberta CFS (2011) since the Alberta CFS program began in 1994 approximately 149,000 computers and 6,000 printers have been distributed. In 2010 the amount of computers distributed was over 14,000. This speaks volumes to the work that CFS is doing in Alberta alone. My role as the leader in my department is to set goals and to ensure that they are accomplished in an effective and efficient manner. I take the necessary actions to ensure that each team member carries out his/her role in relation to specific orders. I ensure that the product that goes out meets the standards of the organization by adequately monitoring the

Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Essay

Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION GOODYEAR TIRE AND RUBBER COMPANY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, was founded in 1898 and was the world tire production leader until November 1990 when Groupe Michelin took over after merging with Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company. Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s principal business is the development, manufacture, distribution, and sale of tires throughout the world. Its tires and tube sales represent 83 % of 1991 corporate sales of $10.9 billion with corporate wide earnings of $96.9 million. It has its owned Goodyear Auto Service Centers and franchised Goodyear Tire Dealers in supporting its distribution and sale of tires in US. Goodyear controls 20 percent of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s tire manufacturing capacity and 37 percent of US tire-making capacity and sales outside US represent 42 % of company revenues. Table 1  ¡V Worldwide Market Share, 1990 In early 1992, Sears, Roebuck and Company (Sears), owner of Auto Centers proposed to sell Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand tire, Eagle. This has raised Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management consideration due to the following facts: (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodyear brand tires has declined 3.2 % in market share (4.9 million units) for passenger cars between 1987 to 1991; (ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 million worn-out Goodyear tires were replaced with other brands at 850 Sears Auto Centers. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE ISSUE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The declining of Goodyear market share was believed due to the growth of warehouse membership club and the discount tire retail. See Table 2 and 3 below. In addition to that, about 2 million Goodyear tires were replaced by other brands at Sears Auto Centers in the Replacement Tire Market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table 2  ¡V US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet Type of Retail Outlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1982 (%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992 (%) Traditional multibrand independent dealers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  44 Discount multibrand independent dealers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 Chain stores, department stores  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Tire company stores  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 Service stations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Warehouse clubs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Others  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Total  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table 3  ¡V Pie chart of US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management is considering Sears proposal to sell its Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand i.e. Eagle which basically affect it distribution policy. In summary, the above factors l... ...(b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Price a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To offer high incentive in terms of transfer of price to the franchise dealers and standard incentive to Sears Auto Centers. (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertising and Promotion a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategize the advertising to notify and educate customers of the new and additional channels of Goodyear tire products in the TV and newspaper; (d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distribution and Sales a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To review the existing franchise contracts with the franchise dealers and provide more marketing support to both franchise dealers and Sears. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To restrict distribution of tires, ie. Channels (franchise and Sears) will only be able to obtain distribution from authorized distributors and not directly from manufacturer, as this will ensure price stability. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CONCLUSION The recommendation is to proceed with the review of distribution policy in order to allow Sears to sell Goodyear tires and expand the franchise dealers ¡Ã‚ ¦ business to include the on-stop-service centers. This decision will re-gain market share from the warehouse club and discount independent dealers and increase sales of 2 million tires annually as the distribution channels have increase and able to tap loyalty customers of Sears.

FC Barcelona

FC Barcelona, also known simply as â€Å"Barcelona† and familiarly as â€Å"Barca†, is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In this paper, I will talk about three points about it: the history, the achievement, and the finance of FC Barcelona. In the eighteenth century, Hans Gamber and another 10 persons in Barcelona plays a game of one was not for the local people know sports – football. When Gamber on November 29, 1899 on this day created a Barcelona football club, he may be difficult to imagine how much glory and honor of the next brewing. Over more than one hundred years of history, FC Barcelona has grown spectacularly in every area and has progressed into something much greater than a mere sports club, turning Barca’s ‘more than a club’ slogan into a reality. The Barcelona football club is like a flag symbolizes the people's hope – for freedom, has continued to the present, and today, this belief has been maintained at this particular between the club and its supporters. In the 100 years of ups and downs in Barcelona rely on great vitality experienced all sorts of tests are honored to have the tragedy and suffering experienced a golden age of age experienced the victories and unforgettable classic failure, these moments are tempered into a train Barcelona today a well-deserved world-class rich and powerful family. Barcelona's reputation is world class, and it gives all aspects left a deep impression. Indeed, Barcelona at that time was indeed standing on the highest point in Europe, Barcelona is the only Grand Slam tournament for several teams in Europe, one of the club, in addition to Intercontinental, Barcelona honor room displays all possible honor, the spoils of war The most striking is the UEFA Champions League, Barcelona at Wembley made history, winning the highest honor in Europe! In addition to continuing the greatest achievement than the victory is that Barcelona is the only European team never missed the European Cup team, from the various European Cup in 1955 began, they continued to win their spoils of war in Europe – winning trophies, including the four times they won the League Cup in Europe is already a king-class team, and today, those who quietly glittering trophy was placed in display cases in years there is no refining its stand their glory. Of course, the performance of Barcelona in Spain is also as good as with the European theater, 25 King's Cup champion so far behind other Spanish teams. Year 1922 -1957 Cathedral Stadium – scene of a successful era, Cathedral Stadium, in 1922 started to use to witness to our growth during the golden age of Barcelona (1919 -1,929 years). During prime time because of national war (Franco rebellion) suddenly interrupted. But the Cathedral Stadium is such a time has been spent to give Barca brought five league championship. In year 1919 -1929, during the decade was considered a golden time for Barcelona, when the team has Samidier, Al-hole Tara, Zamora, Saginaw, Pierrat, and Sancho technologically superior The players, the club at that time the national downturn has also been recognized as the Catalan Catalan doctrine sign. May 20, 1922, Cathedral Stadium formally completed and put into use. This was a very luxurious stadium can accommodate 30,000 people, and later expanded to 60,000 people. In 1924 the club celebrated the 25th anniversary team when I was a famous painter who Iosep of Valencia. Sege Reers painted a poster for the Barcelona club, membership has increased to 12207 people, and the future looks bright. . 5 years after the 1928-1929 season, Barcelona won a league championship history, following the 1923-24, 1924-25, 1925-26, 1926-27, 1927-28 season, the rule of successive five Catalan Cup as well as the 1924-1925,1925-1926,1927-1928 arranged after the Spanish Cup, the Champions League so that culminated in Barcelona. The last game with Real Sociedad twice a re-match, with Barca goalkeeper Franz heroic magical play, Barca beat rivals to win, and later the poet Rafael. Alberti also write a poem as a tribute. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around â‚ ¬752 million (USD $1,000 million), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season. According to Deloitte, Barcelona had recorded revenue of â‚ ¬366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madrid, who generated â‚ ¬401 million in revenue. Along with Real Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, and Osasuna, Barcelona is organised as a registered association. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but only membership. The members of Barcelona, called socis, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club. As of 2010 the club has 170,000 socis. An audit by Deloitte in July 010 showed that Barcelona had a net debt of â‚ ¬442 million, currently 58% of net worth as evaluated by Forbes. The new management of Barcelona, which Javier Faus revealed the audit numbers: â€Å"Barcelona’s debt as of today is the biggest in the club’s history. That doesn’t mean anything but that we are not comfortable working with this debt. The current debt is the biggest in the club’s history, e ven greater than in 2003. The losses back in 2002-2003 in Gaspart’s era were the biggest in the club’s history at the time and on top of that the income that Barca has today is much bigger than back in 2002-2003. After explaining all this, I still prefer the club’s current picture. † News had emerged that the club had recorded a loss of â‚ ¬79 million over the course of the year, despite having defended their La Liga title. The balance of Laporta is â‚ ¬11million, and Rosell’s balance is -â‚ ¬77 million, there is a difference of 88 million Euros. And there are some reasons about this problem. First, Joan Gamper Sant Joan Despi land sale – 21. 5 million. Only 1 million has been received so far. This money was not included as income by the auditor. Second, Mediapro TV contract – 16 million were included from a deal with Mediapro where the club will get 4 million until 2013 for TV rights. Only 4 million were included by the auditor. Third, Mediapro legal dispute – There is also a legal dispute with Mediapro where Barca would get 13 million back from them (in case of winning the dispute). The auditor only took 50% into account. Forth, Henry’s last year amortization value – 8. 2 million – This was not included by the auditor since Henry will not complete his last year in Barca. Fifth, Baena’s indemnisation – there is a legal dispute with Espanyol for this player’s transfer which could give Barca 3. 9 millions (if Barca wins the legal dispute) – Not included by the auditor. Sixth, Villa Decans lands – These lands were estimated to have a value of 17 million euros by an appraiser consultant hired by Laporta but the new management got this estimate from an actual certified appraiser who valued the land in 5. 7 millions. Auditor included 50% of the difference between both amounts. Seventh, Sogecable’s contract – there is also a legal dispute against Sogecable for TV rights that could give Barca 25 million euros back. – This was not included since Barca lost the first sitting of this dispute. There is also a big discrepancy regarding FC Barcelona’s total debt (in millions of Euros) between Barcelona AGM (30), Barcelona accounts (202), English media (350), and Rosell’s campaign (489) before the presidency changed. As explained in The Swiss Rambles blog, they are all correct in their account because in definition, debt can be broadly interpreted.