Class Struggle and the Communist Manifesto Essay -- Karl Marx Communis

Class Struggle and the communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto is profoundly marked by the history of class cope and social inequality throughout history. In fact Marx suggests that history is in essence merely a timeline of class struggle, unchanging apart from the alteration in mode of production. The document is the story of the conflict between the Proletariat and the Bourgeois, the oppressed and the oppressor, the haves and the have nots, etc? However, this is not a new idea and Marx is re in ally not all that radical. In his Politics, Aristotle wrote, ?Those who have too much of the goods of fortune, strength, wealth, friends and the like, are neither willing nor able to submit to authority?On the other hand, the very poor, who are in the opposite extreme, are too degraded.?i As Marx states it in the document, modern history is the manifestation of centuries of a system that was and still is built on the delicate ratio of inequities. iiFor our purposes w e will begin this timeline with the 17th century in Europe. It is a time period marked by a hierarchy of ranks and sub ranks. These positions were hereditary and stuffing for the duration of someone?s life bar any incredible circumstance. These ranks were also marked specifically by wealth. In this time period serfdom, a system in which peasants worked land that was owned by a wealthy member of the nobility was the standard. The very distinction of classes was what the wealthy had what they wore, where they lived, and how they lived. The countryside was marked by sets of self-reliant villages with the noble?s manor at the center. iii According to Marx serfdom was a step above slavery for the people were laboring but not benefiting... ...e Communist Party. Transcribed by Allen Lutins with assistance from Jim Tarzia. Appearing at http//www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/treatise/communist_manifesto/mancont.htm.iii Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in th e World. 2nd ed. Boston, McGraw Hill Publishing, 2001.iv Landtman, Gunnar page 77.v Hoch, Stephen. Serfdom and Social Control in Russia Petrovskoe, a Village in Tambov. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1986.vi Hoch, Stephen page 4.vii Ossowski, Stanislav. ?The Marxian Synthesis.? In The Logic of Social Hierarchies, edited by Edward O. Laumann, Paul M. Siegel, and Robert W. Hodge. Chicago Marham Publishing Company, 1970.viii Sherman pages 488-515ix Sherman pages 517-520x Sherman pages 570-582xi Engels webpage

Comparing Themes in Frosts Two Tramps in Mud Time :: comparison compare contrast essays

Diverging Themes in Frosts Two Tramps in Mud Time     On the surface, Two Tramps in Mud Time seems to display Robert Frosts narrow individualism.  The poem, upon premier reading it, seems incongruent, with some of the stanzas having no apparent connection to the whole poem.  The poem as a whole also does not place to have a single definable theme.  At one point, the cashier seems wholly narcissistic, and then turns to the power and beauty of nature.  It is, however, in the final third of the poem where the narrator reveals his consecutive thoughts to the reader, bringing resolution to the poem as a single entity, not merely a disharmonious collection of words.       At the outset of the poem, the narrator gives a very superficial view of himself, almost seeming angered when one of the tramps interferes with his wood chopping one of them put me off my aim. This statement, along with many others, seems to digest on me or my, ind icating the apparrent selfishness and arrogance of the narrator The blows that a life of self-control/Spares to strike for the common good/That day, giving a loose to my soul,/I washed-out on the unimportant wood.  The narrator refers to releasing his suppressed anger not upon evils that threaten the common good, but upon the unimportant wood.  The appparent arrogance of the narrator is revealed as well by his reference to himself as a Herculean figure standing not alongside nature, but over it The grip on earth of outspread feet,/The life of muscles rocking soft/And smooth and moist in vernal heat.       Unexpectedly, the narrator then turns toward nature, apparently abandoning his initial train of thought.  He reveals the excitability of nature, saying that even in the middle of spring, it can be two months back in the middle of March.  Even the fauna of the land is involved with this devilry the arrival of the bluebird would to most indicate the arrival of spring, yet he wouldnt advise a thing to blossom.  The narrator points to the conclusion that, while on the surface, things appear to be one thing, there is always something hidden below, much like The lurking frost in the earth beneath...       In the final three stanzas of the poem, the frost deep down the narrator comes to the surface.  The humility of the narrator comes to light, with the narrator saying that the tramps right to chop wood for a living was the better right--agreed.

Effect of Multiple Plots in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver :: essays research papers

The Bean Trees, compose by Barbara Kingsolver, uses multiple plots throughout the novel. At the beginning, twain plots are introduced. One involves Missy/ Taylor, the protagonist in the story, and the other involves Lou Ann. Kingsolver unites these two plot by having them move in together. Other minor plots describe the life of other characters such as Estevan and Esperanza, Edna and Virgie, and Mattie. Multiple plots in The Bean Trees add-on suspense and depth in the story. The main characters in The Bean Trees are Taylor and Lou Ann. The first chapter is about Missy leaving Kentucky to find a better life. This chapter is written is 1st person, with Missy being the narrator. She is a person that is tired of her boring life, she changes her name to Taylor, and wants an adventure. She leaves home and goes on a road trip across America. ahead Taylor began her trip, she stated, ?And so what I promised myself is that I would drive west until my car stopped running, and there I would s tay? (Kingsolver 16). She later continued on Tucson, Arizona.On her trip, a baby girl is abandoned with her by a Native American woman. She decides to take care of Turtle as her road trip goes on. Taylor now has somebody to talk to during her trip. Unfortunately for Turtle, her life has been ?Tempest-Tossed? (301). In other words, her life hasn?t been trouble-free and she?s gone through many things. It is possible to call up that the bruises on her body when she was abandoned with Taylor, was from being molested. Half her time with Taylor was on the road, and she was adjusting to a new life.The second chapter is about Lou Ann?s dilemma with her husband, backer. This is written in omniscient limited point of view. Lou Ann and Angel have a young baby boy, Dwayne Ray. These two plots meet when Taylor responds to Lou Ann?s advertisement about a get on mate, and they move in together. This gave the novel a unique introduction with two plots going on as the readers endure the suspense. The novel seems to be set in one tiny sports stadium in Tucson. Lou Ann is heading home and has just pasted the Jesus.Is.Lord?s and Fanny Heaven, when the narrator creates a clear picture of the area ?She rounded the corner and stopped to do some grocery shopping at the Lee Sing Market, which faced the park directly across from where she and Angel lived?

Our Kinds of People :: essays research papers fc

Cultural capital is specialized knowledge. They are symbols that you are given bother to because of your upper correct status. The childrens club Jack and Jill is full of these symbols. It is believed that the original Jack and Jill nursery rhyme was French and written about the beheadings of King Louis cardinal and his bride Queen Marie Antoinette. The lyrics were changed to make the song more appealing to children. It later became a tale of sacrifice. In Our Kinds of People the children had to make sacrifices when in the club, and because of their association other children teased them ( graham, 1999, p.35) On all the Jack and Jill chapter websites that we came across the first thing it states underneath the chapter name is, Providing nurturing and guidance for our future postulateers (www.jjfarwest.org/phoenix/). The phoenix chapter goes on to amount their mission statement as follows Our mission is to provide an avenue for our children to develop bonds that will foster spi rituality, strong leadership skills, achievement and lifelong friendships. These bonds will lead to strong, positive images, promote sharing and caring, and support our children as they participate in age appropriate community and educational activities (www.jjfarwest.org/phoenix/). Each year, the organization publishes an annual yearbook called Up the Hill, which features photos and reports from local chapters as they detail service, cultural, and social activities of the prior year. (Graham, 1999, p. 34)The many different chapters, as well as the prestigious clubs for the men and women, impersonate cultural capital. They all must hold keys to get accepted into the groups. In Preparing for Power they needed to hold certain keys to be able to further their lives in the elite group. We think that the processes were very similar in both books. In Preparing for Power as well as the movie, Born Rich, it talked about living up to your family name and following in your parents footsteps . In Our Kinds of People it is just as important, although the context differs slightly, in that with the blacks it was not only a class issue but a color issue as well. In the book Lawrence Otis Graham even mentions that he had his nose altered and was instructed from his gran at a young age to stay out of the sun so his black skin didnt get any darker.We think that Grahams concerns about there being black elite are justified.

I Teach Therefore I Can Essays -- Teaching Teachers Education Essays

I Teach Therefore I Can George Bernard Shaw wrote that He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches. Based on this statement, Shaw was either equal to(p) to do everything or was a poor teacher. A teacher must be able to do and then teach it to others. In order to do this, a teacher must first obtain the skills him/herself. Teachers have the responsibility of providing their students with the skills necessary for success later in life, and the most essential skills are the susceptibility to read and write. As time evolves and technology advances, the skills necessary to get by in life have also progressed. As a result, it is no time-consuming enough to be able to read and write on a basic level. The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 defines literacy as an individuals exponent to read, write, speak in English, compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society. ( field Institute for Literacy). As a teacher, this definition is two-fold as it is the teachers responsibility to be literate in the profession as well as prepare his/her students to be literate in their own future professions and society. In order to be literate in the profession, teachers need to know and understand the federal and state standards and be able to apply and incorporate the standards into their daily lessons. Furthermore, a teacher needs to be able to interpret the standards in order to adapt them to fit their students needs. According to the guinea pig Board for Professional Teaching Standards website, a teacher also needs to know the pedagogy, the subjects they teach and be able to know how to teach those subjects to students in a manner that promotes f... ...te a high proficiency in reading comprehension, analysis and writing ability. Teachers are affected by this in more than one delegacy as they not only need to be literate themselves but also assure that their student s are literate as well. By understanding the away influences on the development of literacy, teachers can ensure that their students will become adept readers and writers. In society today, a teacher must educate his/her students by character thus, a person who can, teaches. Works CitedBertrand, Nancy P. and Carole F. Stice. Good Teaching. Heinemann Portsmouth, 2002.National Association for the Education of Young Children. 25 Jan. 2004. .National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. 23 Jan. 2004. .National Institute for Literacy. 21 Jan. 2004. .

I Teach Therefore I Can Essays -- Teaching Teachers Education Essays

I Teach Therefore I Can George Bernard Shaw wrote that He who can, does. He who cannot, pick upes. Based on this narratement, Shaw was either able to do everything or was a poor teacher. A teacher must be able to do and then teach it to others. In order to do this, a teacher must first obtain the skills him/herself. Teachers have the responsibility of providing their students with the skills necessary for success later in life, and the most inherent skills are the ability to read and write. As time evolves and technology advances, the skills necessary to get by in life have also progressed. As a result, it is no longer enough to be able to read and write on a basic level. The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 defines literacy as an respective(prenominal)s ability to read, write, speak in English, compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society. (National institute for Litera cy). As a teacher, this definition is two-fold as it is the teachers responsibility to be literate in the profession as well as teach his/her students to be literate in their own future professions and society. In order to be literate in the profession, teachers need to know and understand the federal and state standards and be able to apply and incorporate the standards into their daily lessons. Furtherto a greater extent, a teacher needs to be able to interpret the standards in order to adapt them to vista their students needs. According to the National Board for Professional learn Standards website, a teacher also needs to know the pedagogy, the subjects they teach and be able to know how to teach those subjects to students in a manner that promotes f... ...te a high proficiency in reading comprehension, analysis and writing ability. Teachers are affected by this in more than one way as they not only need to be literate themselves but also assure that their student s are literate as well. By understanding the external influences on the development of literacy, teachers can ensure that their students will become adept readers and writers. In society today, a teacher must educate his/her students by example thus, a person who can, teaches. Works CitedBertrand, Nancy P. and Carole F. Stice. Good Teaching. Heinemann Portsmouth, 2002.National Association for the Education of Young Children. 25 Jan. 2004. .National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. 23 Jan. 2004. .National Institute for Literacy. 21 Jan. 2004. .

Vietnam War Impact on New Zealand

The Vietnam fight had several social put ins in mod Zealand. The new-fangled Zealand publics opinion was polarized due to novel Zealands involvement in the war, and public debate was generated oer sassy Zealands foreign policy in particular how it relied on an alliance-based security. An anti-war movement developed in new-fangled Zealand, who disagreed with the strategy of forward defense. They also questioned the validity of the domino theory, and thought communism in selenium Asia did not in any way threaten New Zealand.The members of the anti-war movement also condemned the western intervention in Vietnam they argued that they should not support a crooked regime such as Ngo Dinh Diem, that it was immoral. The anti-war activists urged the New Zealand government to get a much independent foreign policy, instead of being submissive to the American government. The anti-war movement grew steadily, by the 1970s mobilizations that involved thousands of New Zealanders marching to protest the war where occurring in cities all over New Zealand.Young and highly educated New Zealanders made up a most of the anti-war war movement, which was also supported by church groups, students, and growing numbers of the public. This was a large social effect the Vietnam war had on New Zealand as it meant people where coming together to protest the war, and it caused New Zealanders to be more aware of politics and become more politically involved. The Vietnam War also had large political impacts in New Zealand.While New Zealand troops where in Vietnam the political ideas of study and labor towards the war became markedly different. Initially both parties supported sending troops, national publically stating New Zealand had a duty to support its ally, but as the war continued grok began to adopt the ideas of the anti-war movement. From 1969 labor promised if they were elected New Zealand troops would be withdrawn from Vietnam. Labor supported a more independent foreign pol icy, which would reflect New Zealand as a small multicultural country situated in the south pacific.Labor hoped it would be able to achieve this and keep New Zealand in its alliances. National however remained committed to an alliance based foreign policy, arguing a small country such as New Zealand had to rely and co-operate on muscular allies. New Zealands involvement in the Vietnam War lead to the end of the earlier Bipartisan cold war consensus between National and Labor on foreign policy, marking it a significant turning point in the development of a new direction for New Zealands foreign policy.The Vietnam War had both long term impacts on the New Zealand soldiers involved and more immediate impacts. A more immediate impact was while in Vietnam New Zealand soldiers were put under a lot of stress. The Viet Cong were an invisible enemy who fought using guerilla tactics. New Zealand soldiers also patrolled in silence, using hand gestures to communicate, so as to not reveal their position to the enemy. This meant the soldiers did not know where the Viet Cong were, and knew they could appear at any moment.This would have frightened the soldiers and put more stress on them, as they were never sure when they would run into the Viet Cong, knowing that each time they went round a corner they could run into the Viet Cong. Veterans recall endless fear, tension and adrenalin. during their time in Vietnam. Some of the missions New Zealand soldiers were required to go on resulted in the deaths of Vietnamese women and children, many soldiers suffered psychological damage as a result of seeing the bodies and realizing who they had killed.Upon returning(a) home soldiers faced hostility from the public, who described them as war-mongers and baby-killers. This had an emotional effect on soldiers, who had been an expecting a heros welcome, many where surprised and hurt by the publics reaction. This was one of the factors that caused veterans to think of themselves as c ynical and distrusting. New Zealand soldiers also suffered from long term affects from the Vietnam war, in particular many suffered from exposure to the defoliant performer orange.Agent Orange was a dangerous toxin used by the US to kill the foliage the Viet Cong hid in. it was sprayed by air and by hand. Zone three, where New Zealand soldiers were serving had over 20 million liters of Agent Orange sprayed on it, more than the other zones got combined. Exposure to Agent Orange caused high rates of malignant neoplastic diseases such as liver, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma and lung cancer among veterans, around 30 to 40 years after they left. Agent Orange also had an intergenerational impact, affecting the veterans children.After the war many of their wives had still or premature births. One soldiers wife had seven miscarriages. Agent Orange caused genetic mutations to occur the women who did manage to have kids gave birth to children with deformities and disabilities. Initially the New Zea land government refused to acknowledge the effects of Agent Orange, and would not give recognition of the harm that had been done to New Zealand soldiers. However after incontrovertible proof was provided to a governments select comity it was officially agreed that New Zealand soldiers had been put at risk.

Equality and diversity Essay

You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is proceed a likeness of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When youve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area dedicate sure it is clearly marked with your name, the style title and the Unit and Assessment digit.Please note that this Assessment document has 11 pages and is made up of 5 Parts.NamePart 1 sprightliness in a diverse world1. What is meant by transition?The word diverse means different and varied. Diversity recognises that though slew save things in common with each other, they are also different and unique in many ways.2. delimit the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may travel along in terms of InterestsBeliefsAgesLifestyles face-to-face, social and cultural identities.In my community it has a great diversity of people. There are some retiredand young people, an ex-vicar, my neighbours are Indians and I also accept Italian, Spanish and Polish people on my street. Some people are single, others married, and some sport children. There is also a risible couple on my street. Many people on the street have children. There is a spiritual church, a Christian church and a kingdom of Jehovahs witnesses. There also are many local restaurants offering a huge choice of cuisineIn a a couple of(prenominal) scant(p) sentences I have shown the variations in age, beliefs, interests, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation and religion3. Explain how the variations in question 2 contribute to the diversity of the community.The variations in question 2 show us that my community is diverse having different people and it can contribute for a better community because it brings replete(p) range of experiences and opportunities for t he whole community. Everyone the opportunity to learn about religions other than their own. Food from different parts of the world allows everyone in the community to have a sensitive sample of different cultures. People the chance to experience different things outside of what they are normally accustomed to.4. Give some examples to explain how diversityEnhances your biographyEnhances the local communityEnhances this country.The example of how diversity enhances my life is that it teaches me to be more tolerant and I can learn how to live in society with so many different people.Diversity enhance the local community by encourage friendships and relationships over shared or new interests. Because of the differences it brings to the community a number of different interests.Diversity enhances this country by bringing a huge number of different products and services for people, the opportunity to to learn about different cultures.5. Describe what it means to respect peoples differen ces and why it is important to respect differences.Respect peoples differences is when you recognising that another person is different and dont behave unpleasantly or illegally when you recognize that the person has a right to be different.Respect peoples differences is important as people are better able to live their lives peacefully when respecting each others differences. By tolerating others, you create an environment where others are also encouraged to accept you for what you are.Once you have completed this Part of your Assessment, save the work you have done so far you entrust need to send your work to your tutor for marking when you have completed all tailfin Parts of this Assessment.Part 2 Describing yourself in a diverse society1. For a person you know, describe the individual factors that make him / her who they are.NameDefining factorsBrief descriptionPhysical characteristicsHe is tall and quite slim. He has got an oval face with bright blue eyes. He has short brown hair. He seems to be in his 40s. EmotionsHe eternally seems to be in a good mood, is a kind person always nerve-racking to helpothers. He is funny most of the time he makes people laugh. LikesHe is brilliant with people, very smart person, with an incredible sense of humour.DislikesHe thinks know-it-all, always late and some time he can be bossy. Values and beliefsHe is devoted to his family and a honesty man.2. Describe yourself in terms ofPersonal interestsI am passionate about travelling and different languages I have lots of different book about languages in my shelf. When possible I like to travel and visit the countries.Religion / cultureI am catholic, I attend church once a week and when possible I read the bible at home.Geography.I come from Brazil, because I from there I am immerge into the Brazilian community in Swindon. I also have some particular taste and way that comes from my country as for example Food, music and even the way I express myself.3a. Explain what is m eant by having ninefold identities.It means the various identities a person may have, Example Father, Brother, Son, Friend, Boss etc.3b. Give three examples in relation to people you know.Example 1Example 2Example 34. What is meant by shared identity?5. Explain and give examples of how an individual can identify themselves as belonging to a number of different groups.6. Describe yourself in terms of your multiple identities.Once you have completed this Part of your Assessment, save the work you have done so far you will need to send your work to your tutor for marking when you have completed all five Parts of this Assessment.Part 3 Stereotyping and labelling1a. What is meant by stereotyping?1b. What is meant by labelling?2. Explain why some people stereotype others.3. Provide two examples of the damaging effects that stereotyping and labelling can have on people.4. Provide at least two examples of the way stereotyping is perpetuated in society.Once you have completed this Part of your Assessment, save the work you havedone so far you will need to send your work to your tutor for marking when you have completed all five Parts of this Assessment.Part 4 Prejudice and variation1. influence prejudice and discrimination.2. Explain how people may develop prejudices.3. Describe the following types of discrimination.Type of discriminationDescriptionDual discriminationMultiple discrimination arrogant discriminationDiscrimination arising out of disabilityDiscrimination by association4. What is meant by the term protected characteristics?5. What is the difference between direct and indirect discrimination? Give two examples to illustrate your point.6. Describe the effects that discrimination and prejudice can have on people.Once you have completed this Part of your Assessment, save the work you have done so far you will need to send your work to your tutor for marking when you have completed all five Parts of this Assessment.Part 5 Having an equal opportunity1. Desc ribe what equal opportunities means in relation toEducationHousingHealthcareEmployment.2. Outline the disparity problems that persist in terms of pay for men and women.3. Describe two other signs of inequality that havent already been covered in this Assessment. right away that you have completed all five Parts of this Assessment, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Factors Influencing Employer-Employee Relationship in Strategy Execution in Non-Govermental Organizations in Nairobi Kenya

FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN STRATEGY EXECUTION IN NON-GOVERMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI KENYA TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE3 1. 0 INTRODUCTION3 1. 1 Background of the domain3 1. 2 Statement of the Problem7 1. 3 Objectives of the Study8 1. 4 Research Questions8 1. 5 Importance of the Study9 1. 6 Limitations of the Study10 1. 7 Definition of Operational Terms10 1. 8 Chapter Summary10 CHAPTER TWO12 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW12 2. 1 Introduction12 2. 2 Approaches of consummation Appraisal12 2. 3 Effect of Performance Appraisal Accuracy on cater Performance18 2. personal actions of Employee Appraisal Feedback Management on cater Performance24 2. 5 Effects of Appraisers Competence on Employee Performance26 2. 6 Conceptual Framework29 CHAPTER THREE31 3. 0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY31 3. 1 Introduction31 3. 2 Research Design31 3. 3 Population and Sampling Design32 3. 4 Data Collection Methods34 3. 5 Research Procedures34 3. 6 Data Analysis Methods35 3. 7 Chapter Summa ry35 REFERENCES37 CHAPTER ONE 1. 0INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the Study Performance approximations set up mean different things to different people.In general, a Performance judgment is defined as an evaluation of an employees pedigree feat to measure how effectively this employee is performing at their job (Becton, Portis, & Schraeder, 2007). The traditional format of a act approximation is an employee meeting with their supervisor annually or twice a year to go oer how well the employee is doing their job. Usually the company the employee is working for extends a form for the supervisor to fill out and go over with the employee. This form list goals and accusatorys of the company and how well the employee is meeting these.In modern times performance appraisal bodys atomic number 18 increasingly being used in both public and private sector to evaluate the performance of employees. Appraisal, according to Smith, (2000), involves the identification of cause and effect relationships on which employment and labour policies are base or can be base and are a routine cover that organizations use to evaluate their employees. It is a systematic judgement that is as objective as possible of an ongoing programme or policy, its design, implementation and resolving powers.Its look is to appraise the relevance and fulfillment of objectives, efficiency, effectiveness, imp personation and sustainability. The appraisal systems usually involves evaluating performance based on the judgements and opinions of subordinates, peers, supervisors, other managers and even workers themselves (Jackson & Schuler 2003). An employee appraisal, performance review, or career development discussion is a method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated in wrong of quality, quantity, cost and time.Performance appraisal is in any case part of career development. Performance appraisals are regular reviews of employee performance within organizations. Performan ce appraisal as a process is seen as a key contri saveor to successful compassionatee resourcefulness steering, as it is strongly related to organisational performance (Erdogan, 2002). Murphy and C directand (1995) believe that performance appraisals can help organizations in four ways. First, they can enhance the quality of organizational decisions, ranging from promotions, layoffs, compensation and transfers.Second, they can enhance the quality of individual decisions, ranging from career choices to decisions about where to turn to angiotensin converting enzymes time and effort. Third, they provide a set of tools for organizational diagnosis and development. Finally, performance appraisals can affect employees views of and attachment to their organization. Performance appraisal is a tool of caution that can lead to better communication, motivation and feedback (Stivers and Joyce, 2000). A common process for managing employees is the traditional practice of annual performan ce reviews.While these annual reviews have their shortcomings, companies around the macrocosm continue to use them. However, to increase accuracy and to get a comprehensive and balanced feedback about employee performance, 360-degree feedback system is becoming more popular. In this system peers, subordinates and customers also do the appraisal. This is particularly relevant in the light of research, which has empirically proved that 360-degree feedback system improves employee performance significantly (Rai & Singh 2005).Performance appraisal is centrally managed by the human resource department in matter Cereals and spend a penny jury. The aims of a performance appraisal are to give feedback on performance of employees, identify employee training needs, allocate rewards, forms a basis for personal decisions salary increases, promotions, disciplinary actions, provide the opportunity for organizational diagnosis and development, facilitate communication between employee and admi nistration and validate selection techniques and human resource policies to meet equal employment opportunity requirements.Performance appraisal is an ongoing communication process between employees and supervisors. Supervisors should set expectations, monitor performance, and provide feedback to employees. By having this culture, they entrust direct and develop employee performance by identifying training and development needs, correcting, and determining raises and promotions (Seldon, Ingraham, & Jacobson, 2001). Performance appraisal is evaluating employees current and past performance relative to his or her performance standards.Therefore, if performance appraisal is successfully carried out in an organization, the employees would be able to know how well they are performing and what is expected of them in prox in terms of effort and task direction through an established plan for performance improvement Dessler (2005). To appreciate the purpose of performance appraisal one ha s to look at it from the different viewpoints of the employee and the organization.From the employees view point, the purpose of performance appraisal is to enable the employee be guided on what is to be done and that he or she should receive a comprehensive feedback on how he or she performed. The employee also requires that the manager should help him or her improve on areas where gaps were identified in his or her performance and finally, expect to have appropriate recognition for good performance (NCPB mankind alternative Policies and Procedures Issue 2010).From the organizations view point, one of the most important reasons for having a system of performance appraisal is to establish and uphold the principle of accountability. For decades, it has been known that one of the chief causes of organizational failure is non-alignment of responsibility and accountability. Non-alignment occurs where employees are given responsibilities and duties, but are not held accountable for the way in which the responsibilities and duties are performed (NCPB man mental imagery Policies and Procedures Issue 2010).The National Cereals and Produce circuit card which is the organization selected for this study is a body corporate that was established in 1985 chthonic(a) Cap. 338 of the Laws of Kenya. However, this organization has been in existence since 1939 when it was established by the then Colonial authorities. The batting order previously operated under diverse names which included West Kenya Maize Marketing circuit card, Maize Marketing and Control Board, Maize and Produce Board. It acquired its current name after the jointure of the Maize and Produce Board with the defunct Wheat Board in 1980 (NCPB Act, Cap 338).The Boards main function over time has been to provide grain farmers with a marketing outlet, firearm at the same time it is charged with undertaking the food supply functions of the State. The Board trades in maize, wheat, beans and other schedule p roduce such as millet, sorghum and rice. It also offers function like drying, grading, cleaning, pest control and storage of grain as well as weighing. Additionally, the Board offers for sale, such items like weighing scales, gunny bags, pesticides and tarpaulins.More recently the Board had engaged in the trading in farm inputs more specifically fertilizer with the aim of reducing the cost of production for the farmer and also diversify its products range to make it more profitable (NCPB Strategic Plan, 2009-2013). The organization has a network of cx stations spread all over Kenya in both the high potential agricultural areas like most parts of Rift Valley, Western and of import Provinces, as well as the low potential (food deficit) areas like North Eastern and parts of Eastern Provinces.The network is divided into six administrative regions which are Nairobi/Eastern, Northern, Coast, North Rift, South Rift, South Rift and Lake/Western (NCPB Strategic Plan 2009-13). The Board ha s since the early 1990s been undergoing major restructuring and rationalization of its operations under the genteel Service Reform Programme. This included the downsizing of work force, with the objective of reducing its bloated mental faculty strength to retain a leaner workforce, which could deliver the ask services more efficiently and effectively.In a period of ten years (1993-2003), the Board released more than 70% of its total workforce through a supply Voluntary Early Retirement Scheme and other methods of leaving. This reduced its faculty strength from approximately 4,500 it had at the beginning of the retrenchment exercise to a real 930 at the end of the exercise. The Board currently has an establishment of about 1020 employees falling under four broad categories, namely Senior Management (Job Group M and above), Middle Level Management (Job Group K-L), Supervisory Management (Job Group G-J) and Operatives (Job Group A-F) (NCPB Staff Establishment Audit Report, 2004). The organization has a fully-fledged forgiving Resource Department, which uses a detailed Resource Manual that contains policies and procedures that basically defines the relationship of the organization. The Board recognizes that human resource constitute its most assets, because people grow and develop over time and without them all the other resources (materials, money, methods and machines) volition not be effectively utilized.According to the manual, Boards Human Resources Management function is primarily concerned with the human relationship fields. It aims at bringing together and developing the human resource cohesive and an effective unit to complement all the other functions in the Board, while regard to the well being of the individual and groups of workers enabling them to make maximum contribution towards the successful attainment and sustenance of the Boards corporate goals and objectives (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Issue, 2010).National Cereals and Produce Board has two forms of performance appraisals with the main one being carried out annually and involves the appraiser and the appraisee sitting together to review the last mentioneds performance in the preceding one year. They evaluate the extent to which the employee met the targets agreed upon at the beginning of the appraisal period.The other type of performance appraisal target employees on probation and those appointed to various higher capacities on trial basis and is conducted to determine their suitability or otherwise for confirmation on their various(prenominal) positions (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Issue, 2010). 1. 2Statement of the Problem At an organizational level, the performance appraisal system impacts other HR systems as well as organizational strategy.Latham and Wexley (2001) put up that the effectiveness of an organizations performance appraisal system is a prerequisite for ensuring the success of its selection, training, and employee motivation practices. At a strategic level, the need for rapid and effective organizational change in todays dynamic social, economic, and political environment requires that employees continually re-align their performance with the evolving goals and objectives of the organization (ODonnell and Shields, 2002).The need to continually re-align performance characterizes many organizational departments which continue to compete with getting their members to embrace the philosophy and practices that are geared at enhancing performance (Scrivner, 1995 Vinzant and Crothers, 1994). The organization since early 1990s has been undergoing major restructuring and rationalization of its operations under the Civil Service Reform Programme. This included the downsizing of work force, with the objective of reducing its bloated staff strength to retain a leaner workforce, which could deliver the required services more efficiently and effectively.The Board has in a period of ten years (1993-2003), released more than 70% of its total workforce through a Staff Voluntary Early Retirement Scheme and other methods of leaving. This has reduced its staff strength from approximately 4,500 it had at the beginning of the retrenchment exercise to a unadulterated 1020 at present. The organization has frozen recruitment except for professionals and replacement of essential employees which has led to the re-allocation of the duties that were earlier being performed by higher number of employees to fewer people.In put in to enhance employee performance the Board introduced employee appraisal system was introduced in 2010. At National cereal and Produce board, performance appraisals have been conducted but they have face up many challenges. Instead of boosting staff performance, they have ended up frustrating staff until some have ended up leaving because of the high level of disatisfaction. NCPB has offices in several locations including Nairobi, Nakuru, Eldoret, Moisbridge, Kitale among other major town.In cast to improve the effectiveness of performance appraisals, the organization has tried to apply different approaches of performance appraisals but the result has not been any different. The study seeks to investigate the effects of performance appraisal system on staff performance at National Cereals and Produce Board. 1. 3Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1Broad Objective of the Study The broad objective of the study is to investigate the effects of performance appraisal systems on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. . Specific objectives 1. 3. 2. 1To determine the types of performance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board. 1. 3. 2. 2To determine the effect of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. 3. To establish the effects of employee appraisal feedback management on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. 4. To assess the e ffects of appraisers competence on employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. . 4 Research Questions 1. What are the types of performance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board? 2. What are the effects of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? 3. How does employee appraisal feedback management affect staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? 4. How does appraisers competence affect employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? Methods Population/SampleThe population in this research is all employees program participants, their supervisors, and management team. The sample for this research exiting be forty employees participants, 20 supervisors participants and 10 management participants and performance appraisal evaluators. Data Collection A survey will be used to collect all of the information for the research project. Surveys will b e handed out to performance appraisal evaluators and turned in when the performance appraisal is complete to the researcher.Also, employees participants and their supervisors participants and managers participants will complete surveys at semi-annual performance reviews. The surveys will be filled out at the end of the performance appraisal session and turned in to the research evaluator. Data Analysis Qualitative analysis will be used to analyze the open-ended questions on the survey. Common subjects and similarities will be examined to draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal. 1. 5Importance of the Study 1. 5. 1National Cereals and Produce BoardThe research will be of importance to the Board as it will advocate for the importance of performance appraisal in the organization and will enable the management of NCPB to convey up with a streamlined performance appraisal system and at the same time communicate to employees what they are expected to do in order to achieve the organization corporate goals. 1. 5. 2Human Resource Department The results of the research will enable the Human Resource Department to examine the existing performance appraisal system, highlight the main deficiencies affecting the system and point out possible ways of improvement.The system would then transform the employees into a hardworking and highly attached workforce that will enable the organization achieve its objectives efficiently and effectively and thus create a competitive advantage. 1. 5. 3Other placements Parastatals within the Ministry of Agriculture and other stakeholders in the grain sub-sector will use the research findings to improve their employee performance appraisal systems and the use of performance appraisal system as a management tool. The performance appraisal system will be a useful tool in complementing performance contracting currently used in all Government ffiliated offices. 1. 5. 4Future Researchers Future researcher s will also be able to use the research findings as a benchmark to their research on performance appraisal system and its effects on staff performance. In addition, the findings of this study will serve as a source of reference in future research. The study will also suggest other areas where future researchers can further their knowledge. 1. 5Scope of Study The study will be carried out within the National Cereals and Produce Board Headquarters, Industrial Area, Nairobi. 1. 6Limitations of the Study 1. 6. Non response because of fear to reveal detailed information concerning the organization due to fear of exposing the weaknesses the organization is facing and the confidentiality of such information in terms of business practices. The researcher foresees a challenge in collecting the required data from the respondents. The respondents may fear giving information stating that the information put across may be used against them. To limit the effects of this limitation, the researche r will carry with her an introduction letter from the University confirming that the data requested will be used for academic purposes only. . 6. 2Lack of co-operation from some of the respondents for fear of victimization from their supervisors. 1. 6. 3 The researcher also foresees a challenge where the respondents are likely to give the ideal scenario sooner of providing the situation they way it is now. This may affect research finding as it will distort the study findings. 1. 7 Definition of Operational Terms Respondents- the persons from whom information were sought in the study Public sector-the civil service and organizations operating under the State Corporations Act Appraisal-to evaluate or assess the worth of somethingPerformance -is the act of carrying out something Research-to make a detailed study or investigation of something 1. 8Chapter Summary This chapter covered introduction of the study where it discussed the key concepts in the study including performance apprai sal and employee performance and how they relate to one another. It then provided statement of the problem where it discussed the importance of performance appraisals to organizations, what the situation is at the Kenya National Cereal and Produce Board and what the research gap for the study is.The chapter then presents the study objectives including main and specific before presenting the research questions. The chapter then presented the importance of the study, limitations of the study, definition of terms and chapter summary. REFERENCES Aswathapa, K. (2006). Human Resource Management and Personnel Management, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Armstrong, M. (2006). A vade mecum of Personnel Management Practice, 8th Edition, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, USA. Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T. (2005).A Handbook of Employee Reward Management and Practice, Kigan Page Limited, USA. Bannister, B. D. (1986) Performance Outcome Feedback and Attri bution Feedback Interactive Effects on Recipient Responses, Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 71. Baron, R. A. (1988) Negative Effects of Destructive Criticism Impact on Conflict, Self-Efficacy, and Task Performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 73. Byars L. and Rue Leslie, W. (1997). Human Resource Management, second Edition, Irwin/McGraw Hill Library of social intercourse Cataloguing in Publication Data, USA. Byars L. Lloyd and Rue W. Leslie, (2000).Human Resource Management, 6th Edition, New York McGraw Hill. Casio W. (2003) Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits, 6th Edition. New York McGraw Hill. Cash M. (1993) Effective Management, CCH International Sydney. Cardy R. L. & Dobbins G. H. (1994) Performance Appraisal Alternative Perspectives, South Western Publishing Company. Cincinnati, OH. Corbridge Marjorie and Pilbeam (1998) Employment Resourcing, London Financial Times Management. Department of Human Resources of University, West Vi rginia (2004) Human Resources Policies and Administrative Procedures.Dessler, G. (2005) Human Resource Management. New Delhi Prentice Hall. Dulewicz, V. (1989) Performance Appraisal and Counselling, John Wiley and Sons Limited, New York, USA. Erdogan B. (2002) Antecedents and consequences of Justice perceptions in performance appraisals. Human Resource Management Review, 12 (4). Flippo B. Edwin (1984). Essentials of Human Resource Management, MacGraw-Hill Company, New York. Graham H. T. (1989) Human Resource Management (sixth Edition), UK Pitman Publishing Longman Group. Harris, D. M. & DeSimone. R. L. (1994) Human Resource Development, Dryden Press, Forth Worth.Jackson S. E. & Schuler R. S. (2003) Managing Human Resources through Strategic Partnerships (8th Edition) Manson, Ohio Thomson Southwestern. J. Mullins (2002) Organization Behaviour and Management, Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall Publications, New Delhi India. Javitch David G. (2005) Appraising Employee Performance, in The E ntrepreneur, March 2005. Lawrie, J. (1990) Prepare for Performance Appraisal, Personnel Journal, Volume 69. Longenecker, C. O. (1989) Truth or Consequences government and Performance Appraisal, Business Horizons, Volume 32.Mugenda G. Abel and Mugenda M. Olive, (2003). Research Methods Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 2nd Edition, Acts Press, Kenya. Nemoroff, W. F. & Wexley, K. N. (1979) An Exploration of the Relationships Between the Performance Feedback Interview Characteristics and Interview Outcomes as Perceived by Managers and Subordinates, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Volume 52. North, Archer. (2004) Performance Appraisal Complete Online Guide, Archer North and Associates. Oberg W (2005). Making Performance Appraisal Relevant, 2nd Edition.Penny Hackett. (1979) Success in Management Personnel, Kingston, Surrey Kingston Polytechnic. Rai H. & Singh M. (2005) Mediating effects in the relationship between 360-degree Feedback and Employee Performance. Working Paper N o. 2005-04-06. Rao P. Subba and Rao V. S. P. (1990) Personnel/Human Resource Management, New Delhi Konark Publishers PVT Limited. Saleemi N. A. (2005). Personnel Management, 2nd Edition, N. A. Saleemi Printers, Nairobi, Kenya. San Joaquin County, Human Resources Division. (2002) Human Resources Handbook. Tripathi P. C. 1989) Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, India Sultan Chand and Sons. To determine the types of performance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board. To determine the effect of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. To establish the effects of employee appraisal feedback management on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. To assess the effects of appraisers competence on employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board.

Autistic

A.) Autism is prevalent in the United States. The disorder is probably most famous for the cognitive greatness that is entirely extraordinary to this kind of disorder. However, this is only an inherent in autistic savants, which is a much rarer form of autism. Autistic savants often have incredible abilities in the math and acquaintance fields. For example, an autistic savant named Temple Grandin built her own machine to aid her cope with her avoidance of human contact.Besides unique intelligence, autistic individuals are more or less emotionless and often have trouble forming attachments to others. Social interaction abnormalities preclude the formation of relationships partly be trend a simple touch hug, pat, handshake are rejected because of hyper arousal. Autistic children cannot stand to be touched a simple hug from a parent or friend might send the child into a screaming fit.B.) As a parent of a child with autism, the worst part of the illness would be the unfitness to h ug the child. Parents can never pamper or hug their children, which is an essential part of showing affection and love. Also, the intellectual incapacities of autism are devastating.C.) In the research study conducted by John Ratey in his set aside A Users drop dead to the Brain, Ratey found that autistic individuals are actually the key to scientific and mathematical move on. His studies are based on the progress of Temple Grandin, who was successful in measuring her own social abnormalities and building machines to teach herself how to interact normally with others.D.) I enjoyed the doctors article. After teaching about Temples charting and statistical readings and the production on her own hugging machine so she could practice being hugged again, the progress of science and mathematics can indeed be greatly helped by autistic savants.E.) How long will it be before Temple Grandins machines are mass produced to help all autistic children?Can autism be avoided in the future thr ough genetic engineering technology?Attention dearth Hyperactivity DisorderA.) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming more prevalent amongst children adolescents in each passing year. Intellectually this disorder has no influence upon perception or cognitive functions directly. However, the inability to sit still or focus on an assignment or a book can hinder progress in different pedantic subjects.Socially, ADHD sufferers are usually overly-talkative and constantly moving around pacing, making broad, abnormal gestures while speaking, etc.. As a result, awkwardness, incessant loquacity, and hyper behavior can cause deter others. Emotionally, it is difficult for affected individuals to form long-lasting relationships because of the aforementioned social difficulties.B.) As a parent, the most difficult aspect of this illness would be reflection the child struggle with his studies. Frustration is common in ADHD children because they are usually interested in se veral things at once, making it nearly hopeless to concentrate. Of course, there are pharmaceuticals that can lessen these symptoms the most famous being Ritalin. Medicinal treatment is very successful, but it can also be rather devastating to the parent to realize his child is going to have to take pills to function properly for the entirety of his life.BibliographyRatey, John J.. A Users Guide to the Brain. New York Pantheon Books. 2001Steward, Herbert. Mental Illnesses and the Future of Medicine. New York Pocket Books. 2004

Is Fanthorpe an Effective Poet? Essay

UA Fanthorpe describes herself as, a middle-aged drop out. She was born in 1929 and is still alive today at the age of seventy-five. straight off many people consider Fanthorpe to be one of the most accomplished poets ever. There are factors that lead to her success a poet. One of these factors is that, she viewed much more of the world than most people would view in a life time. She found out first hand what a teachers life was like, and excessively saw what it was like to work in a hospital.It was always her ambition as she was growing up to be a writer she last became what she wanted at the age of forty nine when her first piece of poetry was published. Fanthorpe feels poetry is not meant to, Attract money or publicity. She believes poetry is hypothetical to stay honest and independent. Poetry cant do more, than stay honest and independent because it hasnt the status of some other forms of writing. All a poet can do is warn, which is what Fanthorpe, does powerfully.Over he r life time she has written a depend of successful poems, for instance, non My Best Side, and Half-Past Two, and a variety of other remarkable poems. In my eyes, the two poems that she wrote which demonstrate her skills most effectively are, Not My Best Side, and You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly. Both these poems display her undecomposed talent in using the other voice, along with creating a large amount of emotion.In the poem Not My Best Side, the ref perceives her skill in using the other voice, by creating the different voices for the Dragon, the Maiden, and the Knight. She portrays the potassium hydrogen tartrates emotions as a wounded gentleman, discouraged because his victim was so unattractive as to be inedible The dragon is displayed very much against the stereotype of itself. She presents him as an intelligent young man who is more worried about his image and appearance than anything else. When having his portrait painted, the artist did not give him a chance to pos e properly. He was upset because the painter left off two of his feet.The dragon, commenting on his death, says,I should have liked a bit more bloodThis understatement contradicts the violent reputation of a dragon, making the poem like an amusing fairy tale in that the dragon knows he will rise again.Fanthorpe depicts the princess as a small, chatty, plain yet slightly pretty woman. She in addition to the dragon does not fit the stereotype of a princess in distress. Instead of wanting to be rescued by the noble knight, to be honest, I didnt much fancy him. I quite took to the dragon.St. George, who is cognise in other poems as a heroic knight who rescues the princess and carries her away to marry her, living happily ever after, is revealed as universe ostentatiously shaved, and the princess worries that he may have acne, or blackheads, or bad breath. He thinks very highly of his armour, his horse, and himself.The author destroys the stereotype view of all the characters in the t ale of St. George slaying the dragon. Instead of being the noble knight, he appears as a male chauvinist, whilst the princess, instead of being helpless, is an opinionated girl who speaks her own mind.Fanthorpe also frequently creates humour in the poem, for example when the princess says,that green sexy tailYou Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly, is another show of why she is such a successful poet today. There is a great deal of skill involved in creating this masterpiece. Whilst the voice of the interviewer is the only one she uses, in contrast to Not My Best Side, she still makes it possible for the reviewer to understand and follow the poem. She causes the reader to dislike the arrogant personnel officer, and to feel sympathetic towards the man whom is being interrogated.Fanthorpe likes to open poems with a sentence that gets the readers attention immediately, and causes an interest in the character. Once upon a school time, he did Something Very Wrong, causes the reader to wonde r what he did, in the poem Half-past Two. Do you feel adequate to the demands of this position? is a line which certainly would not make the interviewee at easement and relaxed, but creates tension, again causing the reader to wonder what will happen next.Although the reader cannot know what answers the interviewee gives during his interview, he still finds out many facts about him, which leads the reader to feel compassion and empathy towards him. We see the age of the man in a very subtle way. The interviewer is not impressed by the age of the interviewee he wanted someone, with precisely the right amount of immaturity. This little passage shows that the person that was being interviewed was too old for the job.At first we see the interviewer as a gracious and concerned man, but as we near the middle of the poem we see that he is quite the opposite. An inappropriate remark that the interviewee makes is on the looks of the person that is being interviewed. They interviewer had m eet said something about looks being a delicate matter when he brings it up just in more detail, You do appreciate this work involves touching with the actual public. This shows that the interviewer not keen on the appearance of the person that is being interviewed.The point Fanthorpe makes very well is that the proud, pompous interviewer prejudges the man seeking employment. He criticizes his looks, accent, background, age, and number of children not giving him a fair interview based on his qualifications.There are no major weak points in the style of Fanthorpes poetry. Not only does she display her use of the other voice, but she also creates humour and makes her views on society today known. This is also shown in Dear Mr lee(prenominal), in which the student loves reading, but fails exams, because she disagrees with the exam board, and cannot meet their expectations. Fanthorpe creates ample amounts of emotion and feeling in all her poems as we covered briefly. Her poems are wri tten in an irregular form, with no rhyme scheme, yet her exceptional use of words makes her poetry very interesting.

Conflicting Principles of Life in William Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”

William Faulkners Barn Burning presents the conflict between two forms of umpire (1) justice based on kinship and (2) justice based on hu objet dart dignity. The conflict between these two forms of justice was presented within the text through Sartys perspective of Abs actions who sought to achieve freedom from his previous agreements by defiling the ripes of other individuals. Set after the period of the Civil War, the text presents Sartys conflicts as he tried to understand his fathers motivations for the actions that have lead his family to further hardships in life.It is important to note that Ab, Sartys father, has a led a life geared towards self-fulfillment as his actions throughout his life have been motivated by his desire to attain material wealthiness. Note for exemplar that even if Ab was considered as a soldier in the fine, old, European sense, of the term, his motivations for choosing to join in the battle was incomplete to save the South from the Northern impact nor to protect his regions views regarding slavery (Faulkner 1743). This is apparent if one considers that as Ab and Sarty reached the De Spain mansion, Ab ironically tells his son, Pretty and white, aint it.Thats spade sweat. Maybe it aint white enough yet to suit him. Maybe he wants to mix some white sweat with it (Faulkner 1737). This affirmation was neither motivated by Abs disgust for slavery nor by his disgust in the African Americans position in life. His statement was motivated by his sense of outrage against the wealth and power symbolized by the plantation. His outrage statement was thereby meant to be a bitter view against the wealth and power that he could not achieve in life.The conflict, within the text, thereby arises as a provide of Sartys inability to understand his fathers motivations and reasons for his actions. As was mentioned above, his father chose to defile another individuals rights in regulate to free himself from his obligations. This is apparent as h is father burned the barn of the man who has slighted him. Sarty recognizes the harm that was inflicted upon his father however he does not consider this a sufficient reason to defile the right of another individual.As a result of this, he was placed in a position where he will either amend the harm inflicted on the other individual in order to protect his father and thereby maintain his loyalty to his family or he will refuse knowledge of his fathers actions thereby allowing his fathers misdeed but enabling justice for the other individual. The conflict is thereby defined by the necessity to choose, on Sartys part, what he considers to be the right decision within the text.

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay

In linguistics, phraseology acquisition is the process through which homosexual beings obtain the capability to entrap and perceive language as well as produce sentences and words and utilize them to communicate. According to Chomsky, his Linguistic Acquisition thingumajig (LAD) encompassed a device that children were born that could be defined as the inborn ability to comprehend the language principles. This LAD fits his innateness Hypothesis of language acquisition because he believed that once a child was exposed to language, the LAD would enable him or her to learn language in an outstanding pace as also elucidated under(a) his tiny period hypothesis Question TwoAccording to Noam Chomskys critical period hypothesis, human speech encompassed a genetically programmed ability that had a critical age threshold. This is because like a variety of other human behaviors, an individuals ability to acquire language is based on critical periods that are defined as the limited sequenc e span during which the individual is sensitive to the language acquisition external stimuli that enables him or her to acquire language. Once this time is surpassed the individual has minimum chances of acquiring language. This critical period in language acquisition was adolescence to Chomsky. Question ThreeGenie was discover in Los Angeles on November 4, 1970. She was discovered by a loving worker in Temple City, California when she accompanied her mother as she sought for disability benefits due to near blindness. The kindly worker had initially sensed that something was wrong with Genie and she got so shocked when she greeted them and discovered that Genie was actually 13 years old though the social worker had estimated that she was autistic and half that age. The social worker contacted her supervisor, who after questioning Genies mother contacted the police. Genies parents were later arrested and she was made the screen of the court and later transferred to the Childrens Hospital Lost Angeles. She was unable to acquire a language within a critical period due to the pixilated child abuse she went through under the hands of her father. Question FourThe symptoms she displayed of this failure after she was discovered were here severe undersize regardless of her advance age of 13 years. She had no understanding of grammar she could only comprehend 15-20 words. Two short phrases were what consisted of her active vocabulary and hence she had complete lack of speech, not because she was selectively mute but because she lacked any type of language. Though she had considerable memories of her past she lacked a way to communicate them. Question FiveThe forbidden experiment was the language deprivation experiment under which infants were isolated from any normal utilization of signed or spoken language as an attempt to discover the personal credit line or language or human natures fundamental characteristics. Viktor became a model of this experiment because before his discovery he had lived in a forest like a wild animal and had been unable to understand or speak any language. After being placed under the headache of Dr Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, he acquired the language rudiments and became socialized. Question SixShe began to use the two-word phrases when she started to understand about 200 vocabulary words. Her speech began to improve after remission in her ne surrounding though it continued to exhibit latency. With time she started using negative forms with not rather than the prefix un. By October 1973 she could easily comprehend complex negation forms. By October 1971 she could listen to people talking and even contribute to the conversations. By November f the same year her speech and grammar could be equated to that of an 18 or 20 month old baby. By 1972 she could use complex noun phrases and regular plurals as well as understand interrogative words. By 1973 she was using determiners, definite articles, possessives and imperati ve sentences. She however did not acquire automatic speech. Question SevenThe ethical implications of the language deprivation experiment are that it encompassed an inhuman experiment that would peel the infants of their language acquisition abilities. Regardless of this Viktor benefited from this experiment because he was later able to acquire language rudiments and be socialized. The ethical implications of the experiments on Genie were link to the fact that they subjected her to additional child abuse rather than help her because the researchers were more focused on the results of their results rather than hoe the research could benefit Jeanie. To some period Jeanie benefited from the experiments because her language abilities improved but the researchers used her to acquire fame.

Automobile and Private Cars Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of video recordingThe advantages and disadvantages of televisionNowa mean solar days gentlemany people all over the world spent most of their free time watching television but since its appearance, television has brought to man many advantages as well as disadvantages. First, television plays an important role in our daily activities it throttles us informed of all current affairs in the world. Events through television ar practically brilliant than those through books and magazines.Second, television service of processs us enrich our spiritual lives. Our acquaintance is broadened in many personal manners. Through nomenclature program line programs, we ro use of exhaustivelys and services learn the language we comparable such as position, French, German, Chinese, Japanese and so on. We raft become skilful and clever at doing jobs, making cakes or arranging flowers through practical courses taught on television.Finally, television is a source of recreation. Humorous stories and funnyfilms bring us minutes of relaxation after a hard days work. For me, sitting comfortably in an arm-chair to watch an international football couple on television is much interesting than having to queue for tickets at a move stadium.Apart from its advantages, however, television also brings plows of disadvantages to viewers as well as. First, television viewers gradually become passive in their action. television receiver may be a splendid media of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other or with the outer world. The world seen through television is solitary(prenominal) the restricted hotshot It sepa pass judgment us from the real world.Second, television, with its interest power, makes people of all ages sink into oblivion whole coevalss atomic number 18 growing up addicted to the telly. Pupils and students ar so absorbed in television that they neglect their teach activities. Food is left uneate n, homework undone and lessons unprep bed. Housewives ar so keen on watching television that they neglect their duties toward their husbands and their children. Instead of watching television, we may use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of television, we may sit around together after dinner party and actually talk to one another to know and like each other better.Finally, the evil make for of television on the young generation is inevitable it encourages them to commit crimes. Spectacles of sadism and violence on television lead them to robbery, theft, rape and murder.In a nutshell, television is useful to us when we know how to use it Be railway careful not to overindulge ourselves in it and use it in a discerning manner. Today in that location is some changes in the educational system. In your opinion, how should we change to raise the quality teaching?Education is to draw off the best in children and to develop their faculties. Education is a complicat ed affair as it is supposed(p) to garb children for flavor. Since life styles are invariably changing, the contents of education moldiness also be changed accordingly. The school is supposed to provide necessary experiences to the child. When a child leaves the school, he may lead a useful life. besides in the traditional school, the child was supposed to learn mainly the 3 Rs. So the field glass bard and the text books were the main stay of theteacher who was to shape the character of the child. Rote memory was insisted upon and examinations were based on this learning technique. in that respect was not much of a difference from year to year on the way children were tested. The examinations conducted did not test all the faculties of the child. So, it was necessary for those who got through examinations to be trained afterwards. In short, children were very rarely taught to learn for themselves. This had continued for so great and the practice had to be abolished.Once this w as realized, many new methods of teaching were tired and many new aids had been used for a better education of children. Today the school is a very complicated organization the teacher is no longer the sole arbiter. The children, instead of universe passive find outers, flummox been made active participants. They are handling, feeling, planning, creating and learning with newer tools and aids. The subjectivity has give place to brawny objectivity.In order to make education relevant and meaningful, children are exposed to almost life like situations. They must know how to live as good citizens and honest members of society. They must know how to live as good citizens and honest members of society. The way the school creates situations with these ends in views is important.On the intellectual side, the library and the laboratory must play a vital role. They complement and supplement more and more, and the use of library and the laboratory must be encouraged through proper assign ments. The playing field, various camps, many organizations like the Junior rubor Cross, etc. have to be fully utilized to shape the character of the child. Beside the text books, there are other aids for learning. They much be judiciously used. In fact, there are hundreds of ways in which the audio-visual aids burn down be used with advantage.Examinations must not be used to show impuissance but must be a yardstick for proving the all-round education of the student. The questions must be prey and reliable. The examinations must be welcomed by the students. In order to touch the diverse population, there must be diversity in programs, approaches, resources and aims and room for experiment. Examinations should be a challenge for students.The world is shrinking and nobody can feel parochial. So education must equip students for world understanding and world citizenery. Science and engine room must find their places in any scheme of education. Any system of education must facilit ate turn out a fully developed and all-rounded personality.The difficulties in learning English and how to overcome them.Beginners of conflicting language always meet difficulties from the outset. For me, I had to overcome these tasks when I started learning English.English pronunciation is my startle obstacle. The pronunciation in English puzzles me a shell out because the same garner has different sounds. For example the letter a in bath is not pronounced in the same way of that in bathe. The ou in South is also different from ou in Southern. Generally verbs and nouns are pronounced other than although they are written the same. Record is a good example to illustrate it.In order to figure this puzzling question I carefully study The A.P.A (The International Phonetic Alphabets) which helps me pronounce English lecture correctly.In order to have an accent just like the native speakers, I often listen to tapes and repeat after them, trying to imitate them. Moreover, myeveryda y conversation with the foreigners I meet in the roadway exit enable me to acquire a proper accent.Compared with French, English grammar is much easier. However, this does not mean that learners meet no difficulties in learning it. It took me a long time to learn how to master the tenses in English grammar, to assay to do as many grammar exercises as possible and take in various grammar books.In writing English, English language has its induce style. In order to drillwriting skills, I have tried to read famous novels of wondrous America and English writers. I approve the humorous style of writing in Mark twains masterpieces, the elaborate and polished style of George Eliot and the sentimental and lyrical style of backside Keats.After long and hard years of English study, how pleased I feel when I am ableto read English and American authors without any obstacles and difficulties at all.Your favorite followingEverybody has his or her own hobby. For me, my favorite hobby is interpretation books.My father was not only a writer but a researcher as well. He had a great collection of books on many fields literature, science, art, fiction and non-fiction. After his death, I inherited the most valuable treasure which has been writed carefully up to now.As I have a large collection of books of my own now, I usually spend hours reading and thinking slightly facts described in each kind of books. Sitting comfortably in an arm-chair in the library with a book open on my knee, I recall my father who was absorbed in his reading, perusing the poems of John Keats, William Words Worth, Chateaubriand and Lamartine. I still hear his sonorous voice reciting rhythmical lines of poems in Kim Van Kieus story while his face was radiant with ecstasy and raptures.Through books I see many countries rising and fall. Kings and Presidents pass before my eyes and I can follow the history of nations. Each book has a story to tell me of remote countries and strange people.I am gr eatly indebted to books indeed. For me a good book is not only a true companion but also a well-experienced teacher guiding me through my life. It has the miracle to relieve my suffering and my hardship and reveal to me strange and new horizons.Reading books broadens my nous and improves my knowledge. Instead of indulging myself in futile entertainments, I am often keen on reading books which are always a source of comfort and relief to me and I am determined to preserve my fathers valuable treasure for my posterity.In a few words, the reading of books contributes to the moral and intellectual formation of a mans personality.A shopping dayWe live in the suburb of HCM metropolis. Twice a week my fuck off and I usually take a coach to HCM city to do some shopping.Yesterday was my mothers off-day. Early in the morning we took a manager to town. We were in town just after seven and we had the whole morning for shopping.First, we went to the ready-made clothes department. My mother bought two white shirts for my father, a pair of blue jeans for my brother. I chose a pink woolen sweater. I liked it very much because it perfectly suited my complexion. At this department prices were moderate and we did not requisite to bargain. Before leaving, my mother bought herself two pairs of gloves.Next, we went straight to the shoe department. The shop-assistant greeted us warmly. He showed us pairs of shoes of rattling good quality leather. Leather shoes and sandals of various sizes and colors were on sale. The store was crowded with customers. They were each looking at the shoes or buying them. We both chose fashionable pairs of shoes and left.It was nearly xi oclock. We called at a little caf by the street-side to have lunch. After lunch we went to the park nearby. We took a rest on the bench in the shade of tall trees, waiting for the shops to be open once more in the afternoon.At 200 p.m. we returned to the shopping center. We went to the Chinaware department. My mother needed a dozen of dishes and bowls. Enameled mainland China of different beautiful patterns attracted housewives attention.Finally, before returning home, we went to the stationers. My mother bought lots of stationery ink, pens, ball-point pens and writing pad. On the way to the agglomerate station we called at the fast nutriment department to get some ready-cooked food for thought for the family when we got home.Returning home, I felt quite tired but how interesting a shopping day it waseLife in the city, compared with life in the countryIn my opinion, urban life or rural life has its own advantages and disadvantages.First, living in the city we may enjoy those benefits. converse and conveyancing systems are better. There are so many means of communication and transport that we can opt the ones we like best. We can get in touch with a friend or talk to him by phone without having to go out of home. Thanks to electricity network and running water, our material lives are more comfortable. Supermarkets, markets and shops are found everywhere and we can buy anything we need providing that we can afford it. Urban life provides us with all sorts of entertainments televisions, radios, movies, theatres, concerts and famous recreation centers. Living in town we can improve our knowledge easily by attending any schools, universities or evening classes where experienced teachers and professors are ready to satisfy our thirst for knowledge.Besides its advantages, urban life also has its disadvantages Our health is in danger pollution by factories and heavy traffic may cause serious diseases to all of us. Evil influence upon the young generation by obscene video films is inevitable. Violent deaths happen regularly in such a crowded city with all kinds of vehicles.On the contrary, rural life seems ideal to all of us, especially to the old. We can enjoy fresh, cool air and behold beautiful landscapes in the country. How near and delighted we are when we can sleep a sound sleep at any time of the day without being disturbed by sirens of cars or by deafening noises from manufacturing factories. Our social lives in the country are easier we can eat the food and vegetables we grow, the chickens and goats we raise. The countrymen lead a very simple life and they are quick at mutual help in any case.Apart from these advantages, living in the country we may meet lots of difficulties too. Communication and transportation are obstructed by lack of means of transport or by floods in the rainy season. Our knowledge is limited by being short of mass media. Our social and physical lives are not as comfortable as those in town because of lack of electricity and medical care.In a nutshell, our love for town life or country life depends on our outlook and age. As for me, I always prefer rural life to urban life.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Cars.Nowadays, as peoples life quality develops, more and more families can afford to buy cloiste red cars. On one hand, private cars can make the travel more convenient, A case in point, if you have a private car, you will not have to go to work in a crowded bus everyday and still worry about if you are going to be late. And when you want to travel in someplace, driving by yourself in your own car is the most convenient and comfortable way.While on the other hand, private cars can be very expensive and the price of petrol is getting high and higher, taking a bus is a less expensive way when travelling. When a city has too many private cars, it becomes easy to cause traffic jam, especially when people go to work and go home after work. And you may need to wait for hours in your car.Whats more, more and more private cars also means more and more pollution to the environment.The gas that cars discharged is a serious pollution to the atmosphere. All in all, there are both advantages and diaadvantages of private cars. In my opnion, you can use your own car when it is necessary and if you are not in a hurry, you can take a bus instead.the birth of cars have made an enormous change to our life.in the past,we travel from one place to another only by foot,nowaday,cars can do it .its goes withour saying that the invention of cars bring great benefit to all of us. just as proverb goesno garden without weeds.car is not exception. owing a car has a lot of advantages.for one thing,car provide us the most convient way of transportation.we can get around freely without spenting a lot of time.emotionally,i always found driving is so exciting.for another,its the comfortable to drive a car.In winter.drivers always can stay warm and dry even in rainy whether,in addition,drivers are usuall y safe in their cars when they are out at night. Cars bring the human merits,their side-effects graudually come to the surface.firstly,to run a car need a lot of oil,which is getting less and less.the increasing number of cars contribute the lacking of energy.Secondlly,as more and more car s are used,the traffic ecpecially in big cities is getting heaver and heavier,which lead to the serious social problemtraffic jam.in addition,the inceasing numbers of cars ,which excaust sent a huge quantities of carbon monoxide into atmosphere.it make the air of cities unbreathabe,it strip people contact with frensh air. therefore,the new energy should be explored to replace the oil so that our envionmental pollution can be avioded .and the strick law should be issued to keep the numbers of cars under control.thus,our heavier traffic can be solluted -There are some advantages to owning a car in an urban area. First, sitting in your car is much more comfortable than having to wait a long time for the arrival of the bus or train. In bad weather the driver of the car is warm and comfortable and is always guaranteed a seat. Second, in urban areas it is much safer to be in your car, especially at night, than having to walk down a dark street to get to a bus stop or train station.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to owning a car. First, a car is expensive. Gasoline is not cheap and car insurance rates in urban areas are very high. There are other expenses to be considered too, such as car maintenance and repairs as well as having to pay for parking. Second, owning a car causes a lot of worry and stress. If you leave your car in the street it cogency get stolen or its parts might get stolen. It is also very stressful to be driving on the freeway or in traffic jams and there is the constant fear and stress of being involved in an accident. Advantages & Disadvantages About friendly Networking.1. Purpose To inform about social networking.2. Main Idea By the end of my speech the listening should get an idea about the advantages & disadvantages about our every days use of the social network. 3. develop Main Ideas There are 2 points I want you guys to be informed about. Social networking is a wonderful task we can do on the internet, although, there are advantages & disadvantages that comes with it. 4. Sub pointsThe advantages of social networking keep in touch with friends and family be informed about around the world get feedback about ideas or thoughts ask questions, get fast answers helps you learn more diversity and get exposure to multiple points of view.

Psychological disorders Essay

1. Bipolar upsetlinessThis is a unhealthiness associated with extreme mood swings. A mortals moods alternate between twain opposite ends, that is to say, from extreme sadness to euphoric happiness. Most people start developing this behavior in their late teens moreover are well diagnosed in the age between 25 and 40 years.The draw is non clearly known but it is thought to result from chemical (neurotransmitters) imbalance. Imbalance of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine levels are believed to be the ca expenditure.Bipolar pain has a genetic and environmental tie. It can pass coldcock through family members. However, it has to be triggered by some stress.Symptoms include behaviors revolving around mania and low. A draw person should be helped to find medical care especially when it threatens basic health. Blood tests or X-rays are utilize to confirm the disorder.There is no cure for bipolar disorder. However, proper therapy can manage it and a sick person can go on fu nctioning normally. Treatment is geared towards medication that stabilizes mood swings attach to with counseling. Medication is non very effective. Counseling is most successful especially with support from family members.Medication useable for prescriptions in the market includes lithium, valproic acid (depolcote) and Olanzine (zyprexa) among others. They work by balancing neurotransmitters in the brain. Some of their side set up include Lithium increased urination, dizziness, nausea and diarrhea. Valproic acid Drowsiness, weakness, nausea and diarrhea. Olanzapine decrease alertness.2. Depressive disorderThis is a disorder characterized with a feeling of sadness. It can disturb people of all ages but in the United States, it is volt times more common in the elderly than young people (Depression facts www.enmechizmhealth.com)The vitrines include a conclave of genetic, biological and environmental factors. It is triggered by abnormalities in the levels of neurotransmitters (serotin, norepinephrine and dopamine) in the brain. Certain types of depressive disorders are hereditary. Research has not cleared diagnosed the tangled genes. Personality traits such as pessimism, difficult situations such as lose of love ones, medical conditions e.g. stroke and substance abuse are some of the biological and environmental factors.Symptoms include sadness, flagrant spells, loss of interest in usual activities, weight loss, inability to sleep, fatigue, thoughts of suicide, headache, boredom and diminished ability to call up or put up.Treatment includes psychotherapy and medication. However psychotherapy is the most effective. Medical treatment includes antidepressants and supportive care-such as psychotherapy given by psychiatrists. Ant depressants medications in the market include Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (MAOs). SSRIs affect levels of serotonin in the brain.Common SSRIs incl ude fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram. TCAs are prescribed in severe cases of depression especially when SSRIs have failed to work. Examples of TCAs include Doxepin and mipramine. MAOs are not commonly utilise and examples include phenelzine and tranylcypromine. Some of the side effects associated with those medications include dizziness, nausea, weakness and drowsness.3. Generalized Anxiety disorderThis is a disorder characterized with mild feelings of nervousness to a strong feeling of dread or fear. Symptoms include muscularity tension, muscle aches and shaky feelings. It does not affect the brain. The disorder makes the ordinary doing of things difficult. People with the disorder cannot be able to relax. They a great deal compass fatigued. It is common in children and adolescents.It is not genetic however research is being conducted to determine that. It is mainly induced by environmental factors. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are treatments with the former being th e most effective. Medication used include Ativan, Lipoxide and lurux. Some of the side effects of those drugs are similar to those of bipolar disorder.Obsessive compulsive disorderThis disorder is characterized with obsessions or compulsions or both. Obsessions or compulsion cause distress therefore one cannot concentrate on work or whatever is being done. Obsessions symptoms include recurring thoughts, impulses or images that intrude into awareness. requisite symptoms include the need for repetitive physical and mental behaviors. Example of obsessive behavior is silently tell words while that of compulsive include behavior like checking the door to confirm whether it is really closed. It is triggered by substance use, medication and drug abuse.The exact cause is not clear though it is linked with shortage of serotonin in the brain.It has no cure. Treatment includes counseling, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Current medication and include luvox, anafruvial and prozac. Prozac has a side effect of weakness and drowsiness.4. Substance Abuse disorderThe disorder is a result of everywhere indulgence and dependence on addictive substance such as alcohol or narcotics. It is not genetic at all. In the United States it is very common especially with the youth. People abuse substances to get a feeling of being high. Some do that to run away from frustrations. Substance abuses affect normal functioning of the brain. It is thought that they also cause imbalance of neurotransmitters. Treatments include counseling and proper use of prescribed medicine.5. SchizophreniaThis is a chronic and disabling mental disorder. Its symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors and disorganized speech.The cause is not clear however it is a combination of genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors. Neurotransmitters imbalance trigger the condition. The neurotransmitters involved include dopamine, serotin and glutamate. it is also thought to be a disorder of the development of the brain.It has no cure but symptoms treatable. Antipsychotic medications are effective. Examples of antipsychotic medication include risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole and quetiapine. Olanzapine has a side effect of causing decreased alertness.Psychotherapy is recommended and is the most effective.

Home of Mercy Essay

Harwoods Home of Mercy focuses on the ideas of oppression, juvenility and punishment by using an copiousness of literary and poetic techniques. All of the above highlight the strict and rigorous nature of the Catholic Church, and so portraying Catholicism in a negative manner.Oppression through the perversion of the Christian dogma is one of the key themes in the sonnet. The first description that the reader gets of the girls is that they atomic number 18 ruined. The give-and-take ruined is a high modality word, and exemplifies the concomitant that these girls cannot be fixed no matter how hard one tries. This creates a sense of pity as the word girls represents young person. There is also a sense of order and terrestrial that is demonstrated in the way the girls are walking at the tasteful margin of the convent grass. The word neat and the religious imagery associated with the word convent depict a strict order.Grass is also associated with the colour green, which represen ts fertility. The fact that the girls are walking at the neat margin of the grass, shows that they are not allowed to be mothers. The girls are then counted as they pass. This establishes a sense of anonymity as we are looking at the girls as a whole group and not as individuals, which they are. This conveys that they are not cared for individually, and that they are in a harsh environment. The sonnets form is also directly related to the subject matter, as it is written in iambic pentameter which diegetically exposes the oppression of the young girls as of its strict rule. Through the use of many poetic devices, such as imagery, the theme of oppression by religion is established whilst sticking to a strict form.Youth also plays a large role in this poem, as it highlights their innocence and ingrained desires. The second stanza says that the girls smooth with roughened hands their clumsy dress. The juxtaposition of the word smooth and rough bestow attention to the reader, as gir ls hands are not rough by nature, but rather delicate. This indicates that their youth is being taken away, resulting in the reader having feelings of hopelessness and dolefulness. This line then continues with the words, that hide their ripening bodies. The word ripening is related to fertility, and the girls hiding their ripening bodies establishes that they should be shameful of having sinned. The way they are hiding their bodies is quasi(prenominal) to how the Church is hiding them away in these Magdalene Laundries.The last line of the second stanza is particularly disturbing for the reader, cod to the manner in which the girls are described as, mischievous children in distress. Mischievous is a term of endearment and when feature with the word distress connotes a feeling of worry and despair. In the final stanza of the sonnet, the girls are in chapel, hitherto whilst they are supposed to be praying for repentance they are instead dreaming. This is embodied by the quotation , with prayer its sad recourse to dream and flight. This shows that the only time the girls are free is in their thoughts. Therefore, the nature of youth is explored throughout the sonnet through the use of literary devices such as juxtaposition and metaphors.Punishment of these girls is also a significant factor and is expressed by irony, and the cyclical nature of their daily routine. The girls last is tiresome and straining and is referred to as their intolerable weekday rigour. The word rigour has a harsh g as does the word vigour which is mentioned later on. This is cacophonous, and is diegetically representing what their work and life is actually like. Their punishment is also very ironic, as they are laundering for their sin, sheets soiled by other bodies. They are washing sheets in which other state have had sex, and that is the fundamental reason that they are in the Magdalene Laundry. Their punishment is also cyclical, as seen by the ingeminate each morning, with the wo rd each embodying a sense of routine.The washing machine also embodies a cyclical routine, therefore emphasising the nature of the girls punishment. The last line angels will wrestle them with vile vigour is arguably the most disturbing line in the whole poem, because of the contrast it demonstrates. The word angels has a light sound, and symbolises happiness, and peace, whereas in this instance the word is used completely differently.The word wrestling has sexual connotations, thereby making it possible that this is a rape scene. The last line of this sonnet is very powerful and vividly portrays that these girls are never free, and that they will forever remain Fallen Woman. For the aforementioned reasons, punishment is of vital splendor in this poem as it gives both the poem and the girls structure.In summation, oppression by Catholicism, the nature of youth and punishment are all prevalent themes in this sonnet. Harwood uses many techniques, which manifest themselves into the se three thematic concerns.

Credit Bureau Essay

Consumer Law The character reference Bureau Consumer Agency Report 4/8/2013 Introduction Credit reporting companies perform as a ball of breeding closely the consumer exercising of acknowledgement as reported by those by which the consumers borrow computer address. Lenders gather and purpose this information to counterpart any data they vex already obtained directly about the borrowers credi 2rthiness to aid in their lending making decisions. Lenders have the incitement to report their experiences with the borrowers for the gain of opposite impute ratingors data.The essential of credit data ar represented by the consumers representation found on his or hers borrowing behaviors of repayment over time. Today, the regulation has led to a high automated worldwide firm that collect flesh out oriented, complete information and conform with a range of polices thats in the high hat interest of the consumer. Credit reporting companies give businesses intuition into a consumer s past behaviors, similar to the prospective an employer may use a postdidates college transcript. These intuitions may be used to make decisions about his or her constancy as well as the willingness to repay debt.Without this information borrowers would more than likely have to provide other information about themselves when applying for any type sought later on credit. History Credit- reporting agencies emerged first in the united States due to the countries strong commercial orientation was highly conducive to institutional experimentation. Credit bureaus were cognize in some countries from the early 1860s, due to the industry experiencing a rapid yield only subsequently World War I. There origination was purposed to facilitate the exchange of credit information among merchants.The recommenders usually topical anaesthetic or suppliers with whom an individual has previously done business with. The small amount of credit that was minded(p) was just based on the merchants personal knowledge of the client, a change came about once the credit bureaus came into climb swing. The earliest kn deliver credit bureaus maintained a list of customers who were considered by the merchants to be a risk. The U. S. race became more mobile and the credit bureaus began to expand to server a wider range of the population of dispersed merchants after World War I.A void that once needed validated was now filled by the merchants existence provided with the information that could be used to make decisions on whether to grant the consumer with credit or non. Before the victimization of speedy computers and data processing readiness that had the capability of processing a variety of credit information, merchants that granted credit only had the capability of relying on investigations of the individual, public information, custom records, newspapers, and information from landlords about the consumer. Credit Bureaus TodayThere ar currently three study credit bureaus in the United States are affiliated with the Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. Founded in one hundred ninety6, the international trade association provides its members with fraud prevention, credit and mortgage reports, risk heed services, collection services, employment screening and verification services. The Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. represents the consumer credit reporting information industry before state and federal official legislators. Also, it represents the industry in the main stream media as far as consumer credit reporting issues.There are over 500 member of the American credit reporting agencies, collection services, employment reporting, mortgage and live screening services. There are over one billion credit cards that are creation used daily in the United States which gives the consumer credit bureaus the importance as well as growth today. Similarity the number of consumer credit reports are issued e very year with in the United States. Over two billion pieces of data are entered on the monthly basis into credit records. There are 190 illion credit charges maintained by the three major reported credit bureaus which are Trans Union, Experian, and Equifax in the United States. In an article called Collections and Credit Risk, written by Sidney Hill, Jr. , consumers will soon get a chance to see their credit scores and learn how they really rank with lenders. The credit scores lenders use to make decisions about loans credit cards will be made available on the Web, excessively included the information about how they come up with the scores as well how the scores can be improved.The State and Federal legislation protects the privacy of personal data while granting consumers access to their own credit information which forced the change. Credit card companies rely heavily on risk based credit scoring to aid in determining the credit worthiness of a consumer, this information was not privet to the consumer applying for credit. The scores wer e designed to see how person would repay their debt as well as being very valuable in the determination of and individual being granted credit.It wasnt until the end of 2000 that the three major credit agencies made the information known via the internet. The Three Major Credit Bureaus Trans Union founded in 1968 as the holding company of Union Tank Car which was a rail transportation equipment company. They joined the credit aspect in 1969 when they began to acquiring major city and regional credit bureaus. They offer portfolio and risk management as well as a primary source of credit information. They operation is nationwide with a host of offices and independent credit bureaus.They are a server of many industries that on the rule-governed evaluate credit risk as well as verify information about their customer base which include hospitals, communication and energy companies, collection agencies, retailers, financial and banking services and insurance companies. Equifax founded i n 1899 was a Retail Credit Company they had offices through the North America by the 1920s. By 1960 they had credit files for millions of Americans. They serve the credit card, retail, financial services, transportation, utilities, health care industries and the government.The global aspect of operations includes commercial credit information services, payment services, software, consumer credit, and consulting services. They provide the systems that aid granting credit, check transactions, predict consumer credit, manage risk, payment services and process credit cards. The countries serviced by Equifax the United States, Brazil, El Salvador, Canada, Chile, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain. Experian founded in England in 1980 as CCN systems.They expanded to the United States in 1996 by acquiring a company named TRW Information Services. Their purpose is to use its power of information to suffice its clients is to target forthcoming customers, management and mainta in existing customers relationships and have the eye for paid growth opportunities. They have the capability of allowing their customers to conduct secure and profitable e-business through its web based products and services. Their employees financial support clients in over 50 countries. ResolutionEvery day credit bureaus receive calls from disgruntled consumers about dislocates on their credit reports, they file complaints against credit card companies, and disputes as well as to requesting their credit scores. The customer service legate takes the information from the consumer for example a dispute of incorrect information on their credit report and investigates the mistake which takes about 30 days to get the information. Once the information comes back either true or negative then you receive a letter in the mail as to the decision.Conclusion The consumer credit file has become one of the most important documents used in the decision making as to whether a consumer gets cre dit or not. As consumers come into the understanding of the influence of their credit reports their interest will be in the monitoring of the data reported by the credit bureaus. The credit bureaus are not eternally on the same page as far as consumer information meaning that the bureaus may have some information in their files that the other bureaus may not have but is in the best interest of the consumer.Bibliography Wise Geek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013 Best Bank Rates Compare the Best Interest Rates Today. GoBankingRates. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. . Hill, Sidney, Jr. Collections and Credit Risk. (n. d. ) n. pag. Print.